ArticlePloS one2013
High transcript levels of vitamin D receptor are correlated with higher mRNA expression of human beta defensins and IL-10 in mucosa of HIV-1-exposed seronegative individuals.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D boosts HIV-1 resistance in female genital epithelial cells by enhancing antiviral cathelicidin expression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Vitamin D Decreases Susceptibility of CD4Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Prevalence of JC polyomavirus among rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus patients and its correlation with vitamin D levels.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2024Article
- Potential Advantages of a Well-balanced Nutrition Regimen for People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type -1.Journal of AIDS and HIV treatment · 2024Article
- Host Genetic Impact on Infectious Diseases among Different Ethnic Groups.Advanced genetics (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2023Review
- Review
- Plasma metabolomics by nuclear magnetic resonance reveals biomarkers and metabolic pathways associated with the control of HIV-1 infection/progression.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Article
- Review
- Article
- The Interplay Between Cervicovaginal Microbial Dysbiosis and Cervicovaginal Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Article
- Ramping Up Antimicrobial Peptides Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Review
- Human Beta-Defensin 2 and 3 Inhibit HIV-1 Replication in Macrophages.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Vitamin D Status Impacts Genital Mucosal Immunity and Markers of HIV-1 Susceptibility in Women.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Controversial Effects of Vitamin D and Related Genes on Viral Infections, Pathogenesis, and Treatment Outcomes.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Article
- Vitamin D in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Influence on Immunity and Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Article
- High Expression of Antiviral and Vitamin D Pathway Genes Are a Natural Characteristic of a Small Cohort of HIV-1-Exposed Seronegative Individuals.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Vitamin D-Regulated MicroRNAs: Are They Protective Factors against Dengue Virus Infection?Advances in virology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vitamin D (VitD) is an endogenous immunomodulator that could protect from HIV-1 infection reducing immune activation and inducing the expression of anti-HIV-1 peptides. To establish a correlation between VitD and natural resistance to HIV-1 infection, a case-control study using blood and mucosa samples of 58 HIV-1-exposed but seronegative (HESN) individuals, 43 HIV-1 seropositives (SPs) and 59 non-exposed healthy controls (HCs) was carried out. The VitD concentration in plasma was determined by ELISA, and mRNA relative units (RU) of VDR, IL-10, TGF-β, TNF-α and IL-1β in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), oral and genital mucosa was quantified by qRT-PCR. mRNA levels of human beta-defensin (HBD) -2 and -3 were previously reported and used for correlations. Significantly higher levels of VitD were found in plasma as well as higher mRNA RU of VDR in PBMCs, and in genital mucosa from HESN compared to HCs. In addition, higher mRNA RU of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10, and lower mRNA RU of TGF-β were found in PBMC from HESNs compared to HCs. We also observed higher IL-10 mRNA RU in genital mucosa of HESNs compared to HCs, and the mRNA levels of TNF-α in oral and genital mucosa of SPs were higher compared to HESNs. Furthermore, positive correlations between VDR and IL-10 mRNA RU in PBMCs and genital mucosa of HESNs were found. Finally, HBD-2 and HBD-3 mRNA RU were positively correlated with VDR mRNA expression in oral mucosa from HESNs. These results suggest that high levels of VitD and its receptor are associated with natural resistance to HIV-1 infection. Up-regulation of the anti-inflammatory IL-10, and the induction of anti-HIV-1 defensins in mucosa might be part of the mechanisms involved in this association. However, further studies are required to define causal associations.
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