ArticlePloS one2013
Molecular evolution and diversity of Conus peptide toxins, as revealed by gene structure and intron sequence analyses.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative analysis of venom genes in the chromosome-level genomes of two closely related cone snails.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- From marine predator to pharmacology: Conotoxin diversity, discovery, and therapeutic potential.Zoological research · 2026Review
- Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction Provides Insights into the Structural Diversification and Neofunctionalization of T-superfamily Conotoxins in Conus.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- An N-Terminally Elongated Peptide From Conus rolani Defines a New Class of Ribbon α-Conotoxins Targeting Muscle nAChRs.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Diversity and Novelty of Venom Peptides in Vermivorous Cone Snails, SubgenusMarine drugs · 2025Article
- χ-Conotoxins are an Evolutionary Innovation of Mollusk-Hunting Cone Snails as a Counter-Adaptation to Prey Defense.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Identification of sodium channel toxins from marine cone snails of the subgenera Textilia and Afonsoconus.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2023Article
- Characterisation of Elevenin-Vc1 from the Venom ofMarine drugs · 2023Article
- O1-conotoxin Tx6.7 cloned from the genomic DNA ofThe journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2023Article
- The genome of the venomous snail Lautoconus ventricosus sheds light on the origin of conotoxin diversity.GigaScience · 2021Article
- Diversity of Conopeptides and Their Precursor Genes ofMarine drugs · 2020Article
- Insertions and Deletions Play an Important Role in the Diversity of Conotoxins.The protein journal · 2020Article
- Lack of Signal for the Impact of Conotoxin Gene Diversity on Speciation Rates in Cone Snails.Systematic biology · 2019Article
- Conotoxin Diversity in Chelyconus ermineus (Born, 1778) and the Convergent Origin of Piscivory in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Cones.Genome biology and evolution · 2018Article
- Comparison of Strategies to Overcome Drug Resistance: Learning from Various Kingdoms.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Targeted Sequencing of Venom Genes from Cone Snail Genomes Improves Understanding of Conotoxin Molecular Evolution.Molecular biology and evolution · 2018Article
- Origin and diversification of leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase (LRR-RLK) genes in plants.BMC evolutionary biology · 2017Article
- Venom Insulins of Cone Snails Diversify Rapidly and Track Prey Taxa.Molecular biology and evolution · 2016Article
- Review
- Structural features of conopeptide genes inferred from partial sequences of the Conus tribblei genome.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cone snails, which are predatory marine gastropods, produce a cocktail of venoms used for predation, defense and competition. The major venom component, conotoxin, has received significant attention because it is useful in neuroscience research, drug development and molecular diversity studies. In this study, we report the genomic characterization of nine conotoxin gene superfamilies from 18 Conus species and investigate the relationships among conotoxin gene structure, molecular evolution and diversity. The I1, I2, M, O2, O3, P, S, and T superfamily precursors all contain three exons and two introns, while A superfamily members contain two exons and one intron. The introns are conserved within a certain gene superfamily, and also conserved across different Conus species, but divergent among different superfamilies. The intronic sequences contain many simple repeat sequences and regulatory elements that may influence conotoxin gene expression. Furthermore, due to the unique gene structure of conotoxins, the base substitution rates and the number of positively selected sites vary greatly among exons. Many more point mutations and trinucleotide indels were observed in the mature peptide exon than in the other exons. In addition, the first example of alternative splicing in conotoxin genes was found. These results suggest that the diversity of conotoxin genes has been shaped by point mutations and indels, as well as rare gene recombination or alternative splicing events, and that the unique gene structures could have made a contribution to the evolution of conotoxin genes.
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