ArticlePloS one2013
Psychosocial functioning and intelligence both partly explain socioeconomic inequalities in premature death. A population-based male cohort study.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Prospective Power of Personality Factors for Family Formation and Dissolution Processes Among Males: Evidence from Swedish Register Data.European journal of population = Revue europeenne de demographie · 2025Article
- Psychosocial job stressors and risk of suicidal behavior - an observational study among Swedish men.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2022Observational
- The roles of non-cognitive and cognitive skills in the life course development of adult health inequalities.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2019Article
- Are There Changes in Inequalities in Injuries? A Review of Evidence in the WHO European Region.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Review
- Why is parental lifespan linked to children's chances of reaching a high age? A transgenerational hypothesis.SSM - population health · 2018Article
- Cognitive and emotional outcomes after prolonged education: a quasi-experiment on 320 182 Swedish boys.International journal of epidemiology · 2017Article
- Diabetes: Stress resilience and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2016Article
- Low stress resilience in late adolescence and risk of hypertension in adulthood.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2016Article
- Stress resilience and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes in 1.5 million young men.Diabetologia · 2016Article
- Stress resilience and physical fitness in adolescence and risk of coronary heart disease in middle age.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe possible contributions of psychosocial functioning and intelligence differences to socioeconomic status (SES)-related inequalities in premature death were investigated. None of the previous studies focusing on inequalities in mortality has included measures of both psychosocial functioning and intelligence.
methodsThe study was based on a cohort of 49 321 men born 1949-1951 from the general community in Sweden. Data on psychosocial functioning and intelligence from military conscription at ∼18 years of age were linked with register data on education, occupational class, and income at 35-39 years of age. Psychosocial functioning was rated by psychologists as a summary measure of differences in level of activity, power of initiative, independence, and emotional stability. Intelligence was measured through a multidimensional test. Causes of death between 40 and 57 years of age were followed in registers.
resultsThe estimated inequalities in all-cause mortality by education and occupational class were attenuated with 32% (95% confidence interval: 20-45%) and 41% (29-52%) after adjustments for individual psychological differences; both psychosocial functioning and intelligence contributed to account for the inequalities. The inequalities in cardiovascular and injury mortality were attenuated by as much as 51% (24-76%) and 52% (35-68%) after the same adjustments, and the inequalities in alcohol-related mortality were attenuated by up to 33% (8-59%). Less of the inequalities were accounted for when those were measured by level of income, with which intelligence had a weaker correlation. The small SES-related inequalities in cancer mortality were not attenuated by adjustment for intelligence.
conclusionsDifferences in psychosocial functioning and intelligence might both contribute to the explanation of observed SES-related inequalities in premature death, but the magnitude of their contributions likely varies with measure of socioeconomic status and cause of death. Both psychosocial functioning and intelligence should be considered in future studies.
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