ArticleClinical & developmental immunology2013
Effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and immunomodulator on cytokines levels: an alternative therapy for patients with major depressive disorder.
Article in Clinical & developmental immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of antidepressant drug therapy with or without physical exercise on inflammatory biomarkers in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Peripheral cytokine levels and response to antidepressant treatment in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Cumulative meta-analysis of interleukins 6 and 1β, tumour necrosis factor α and C-reactive protein in patients with major depressive disorder.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2015Pooled it
- The effects of six-day SSRI administration on diurnal cortisol secretion in healthy volunteers.Psychopharmacology · 2018Trial
- Inflammatory Profiles in Depressed Adolescents Treated with Fluoxetine: An 8-Week Follow-up Open Study.Mediators of inflammation · 2018Trial
- Use of Extracellular Monomeric Ubiquitin as a Therapeutic Option for Major Depressive Disorder.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Prophylactic role of olive fruit extract against cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress in Sprague-Dawley rats.Cell stress & chaperones · 2022Article
- Serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interleukin-17 relate to anxiety and depression risks to some extent in non-small cell lung cancer survivor.The clinical respiratory journal · 2022Article
- Increased survival in puppies affected by Canine Parvovirus type II using an immunomodulator as a therapeutic aid.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Effects of Antidepressant Treatment on Peripheral Biomarkers in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- The fear-defense system, emotions, and oxidative stress.Redox biology · 2020Review
- Childhood trauma, suicide risk and inflammatory phenotypes of depression: insights from monocyte gene expression.Translational psychiatry · 2020Article
- Sequencing Analysis and Identification of the Primary Peptide Component of the Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract "Transferon Oral": The Starting Point to Understand Its Mechanism of Action.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
- Validation of a Cell Proliferation Assay to Assess the Potency of a Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract Intended for Batch Release.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Glucose and cholesterol stabilization in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with depressive and anxiety symptoms by problem-solving therapy in primary care centers in Mexico City.Primary health care research & development · 2018Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract in Autoimmune Prostatitis: Evaluation in Animal Model.BioMed research international · 2017Article
- Hesperidin Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation in Mice by Promoting the miRNA-132 Pathway.Inflammation · 2016Article
- Physicochemical Characteristics of Transferon™ Batches.BioMed research international · 2016Article
- The role of interleukin genes in the course of depression.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric illness that presents as a deficit of serotonergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system. MDD patients also experience alterations in cortisol and cytokines levels. Treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is the first-line antidepressant regimen for MDD. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a combination of SSRIs and an immunomodulator-human dialyzable leukocyte extract (hDLE)-on cortisol and cytokines levels. Patients received SSRIs or SSRIs plus hDLE. The proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 β , IL-2, and IFN- γ ; anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-13 and IL-10; and 24-h urine cortisol were measured at weeks (W) 0, 5, 20, 36, and 52 of treatment. The reduction in cortisol levels in the SSRI-treated group was 30% until W52, in contrast, the combined treatment induced a 54% decrease at W36. The decline in cortisol in patients who were treated with SSRI plus hDLE correlated with reduction of anti-inflammatory cytokines and increases levels of proinflammatory cytokines at the study conclusion. These results suggest that the immune-stimulating activity of hDLE, in combination with SSRIs, restored the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance and cortisol levels in depressed patients versus those who were given SSRIs alone.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.