ArticleFrontiers in neural circuits2013
GABAergic neurons in the preoptic area send direct inhibitory projections to orexin neurons.
Article in Frontiers in neural circuits, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypothalamic control of arousal.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Role of Preoptic Area γ-Aminobutyric Acid-mediated Neurons in Distinctly Regulating Sleep and Rousability during Dexmedetomidine Sedation in Mice.Anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Glutamatergic Heterogeneity in the Neuropeptide Projections From the Lateral Hypothalamus to the Mouse Olfactory Bulb.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2026Article
- Effects of uniform rocking motion on VLPO regional GABA/Glu contents and sleep in rats.Sleep and biological rhythms · 2025Article
- SleepInvestigatoR: a flexible R function for analyzing scored sleep in rodents.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025Article
- The interaction between orexin, sleep deprivation and Alzheimer's disease: Unveiling an Emerging Connection.The journal of physiological sciences : JPS · 2025Review
- Violet light could improve sleep quality and blood glucose levels in healthy individuals: A pilot study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Structure and Function of Neuronal Circuits Linking Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus and Lateral Hypothalamic Area.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- Calcium Dynamics of the Ventrolateral Preoptic GABAergic Neurons during Spontaneous Sleep-Waking and in Response to Homeostatic Sleep Demands.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Orexin and MCH neurons: regulators of sleep and metabolism.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Hypocretins, sleep, and maternal behavior.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Review
- Reactogenic sleepiness after COVID-19 vaccination. A hypothesis involving orexinergic system linked to inflammatory signals.Sleep medicine · 2022Review
- GABAergic and Glutamatergic Phenotypes of Neurons Expressing Calcium-Binding Proteins in the Preoptic Area of the Guinea Pig.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Orexin neurons inhibit sleep to promote arousal.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Article
- Effectivity of (Personalized) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Mental Health Populations and the Elderly: An Overview.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Roles of Neuropeptides in Sleep-Wake Regulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Orexin A peptidergic system: comparative sleep behavior, morphology and population in brains between wild type and Alzheimer's disease mice.Brain structure & function · 2022Article
- Insulin-like growth factor I mitigates post-traumatic stress by inhibiting AMP-kinase in orexin neurons.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Populations of neurons in the hypothalamic preoptic area (POA) fire rapidly during sleep, exhibiting sleep/waking state-dependent firing patterns that are the reciprocal of those observed in the arousal system. The majority of these preoptic "sleep-active" neurons contain the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. On the other hand, a population of neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) contains orexins, which play an important role in the maintenance of wakefulness, and exhibit an excitatory influence on arousal-related neurons. It is important to know the anatomical and functional interactions between the POA sleep-active neurons and orexin neurons, both of which play important, but opposite roles in regulation of sleep/wakefulness states. In this study, we confirmed that specific pharmacogenetic stimulation of GABAergic neurons in the POA leads to an increase in the amount of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. We next examined direct connectivity between POA GABAergic neurons and orexin neurons using channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2) as an anterograde tracer as well as an optogenetic tool. We expressed ChR2-eYFP selectively in GABAergic neurons in the POA by AAV-mediated gene transfer, and examined the projection sites of ChR2-eYFP-expressing axons, and the effect of optogenetic stimulation of ChR2-eYFP on the activity of orexin neurons. We found that these neurons send widespread projections to wakefulness-related areas in the hypothalamus and brain stem, including the LHA where these fibers make close appositions to orexin neurons. Optogenetic stimulation of these fibers resulted in rapid inhibition of orexin neurons. These observations suggest direct connectivity between POA GABAergic neurons and orexin neurons.
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