Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24347632›Full record

ArticleG3 (Bethesda, Md.)2014

Large-scale quality analysis of published ChIP-seq data.

Georgi K Marinov, Anshul Kundaje, Peter J Park, Barbara J Wold

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in G3 (Bethesda, Md.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
85citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

85 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. A rapid test for protein-DNA interactions.Nucleic acids research · 2026
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  9. Epigenetic Signatures of Social Defeat Stress Varying Duration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
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  10. Article
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  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. NCommunications biology · 2022
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Georgi K MarinovDivision of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125.
Anshul Kundaje
Peter J Park
Barbara J Wold

Funding

Global Annotation of Regulatory Elements in the Human GenomeU54HG004576 · NHGRI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI MYERS, RICHARD M · 2007 to 2011
$21.8M
Toward a comprehensive functional annotation of the human genomeU54HG006998 · NHGRI · HUDSON-ALPHA INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY · PI MYERS, RICHARD M · 2012 to 2016
$17.5M
NHGRI NIH HHS U54 HG004576NHGRI NIH HHS U54 HG006998
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

ChIP-seq has become the primary method for identifying in vivo protein-DNA interactions on a genome-wide scale, with nearly 800 publications involving the technique appearing in PubMed as of December 2012. Individually and in aggregate, these data are an important and information-rich resource. However, uncertainties about data quality confound their use by the wider research community. Recently, the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project developed and applied metrics to objectively measure ChIP-seq data quality. The ENCODE quality analysis was useful for flagging datasets for closer inspection, eliminating or replacing poor data, and for driving changes in experimental pipelines. There had been no similarly systematic quality analysis of the large and disparate body of published ChIP-seq profiles. Here, we report a uniform analysis of vertebrate transcription factor ChIP-seq datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository as of April 1, 2012. The majority (55%) of datasets scored as being highly successful, but a substantial minority (20%) were of apparently poor quality, and another ∼25% were of intermediate quality. We discuss how different uses of ChIP-seq data are affected by specific aspects of data quality, and we highlight exceptional instances for which the metric values should not be taken at face value. Unexpectedly, we discovered that a significant subset of control datasets (i.e., no immunoprecipitation and mock immunoprecipitation samples) display an enrichment structure similar to successful ChIP-seq data. This can, in turn, affect peak calling and data interpretation. Published datasets identified here as high-quality comprise a large group that users can draw on for large-scale integrated analysis. In the future, ChIP-seq quality assessment similar to that used here could guide experimentalists at early stages in a study, provide useful input in the publication process, and be used to stratify ChIP-seq data for different community-wide uses.

Indexed as

AnimalsChromatin ImmunoprecipitationDatabases, GeneticData Interpretation, StatisticalHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingMyoD ProteinQuality ControlSequence Analysis, DNATranscription FactorsMyoD ProteinTranscription FactorsChIP-seqchromatin immunoprecipitationcross-correlationquality assessmenttranscription factor

Identifiers

PMID24347632
PMCPMC3931556

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.