ArticleThe Journal of cell biology1987
Visualization of the hexagonal lattice in the erythrocyte membrane skeleton.
Article in The Journal of cell biology, 1987. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 125 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
125 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Dissipative Particle Dynamics Models of Encapsulated Microbubbles and Nanoscale Gas Vesicles for Biomedical Ultrasound Simulations.ACS applied nano materials · 2025Article
- Red cell shape regulation by band 3-ankyrin-spectrin linkage: implications for clinical severity of bovine hereditary spherocytosis.Blood red cells & iron · 2025Article
- Mechanical characterization of spectrin at the molecular level.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Mechanically induced topological transition of spectrin regulates its distribution in the mammalian cell cortex.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Identifying toxic effects and metabolic perturbations ofToxicology research · 2024Article
- Effective cell membrane tension protects red blood cells against malaria invasion.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- β-heavy-spectrin stabilizes the constricting contractile ring during cytokinesis.The Journal of cell biology · 2023Article
- Perspective on the Application of Erythrocyte Liposome-Based Drug Delivery for Infectious Diseases.Membranes · 2022Review
- Role of Spectrin in Endocytosis.Cells · 2022Review
- Reticulocyte Maturation.Membranes · 2022Review
- Investigation of Red Blood Cells by Atomic Force Microscopy.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Nanoscale dynamics of actin filaments in the red blood cell membrane skeleton.Molecular biology of the cell · 2022Article
- Structural and mechanical properties of the red blood cell's cytoplasmic membrane seen through the lens of biophysics.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Structural Configuration of Blood Cell Membranes Determines Their Nonlinear Deformation Properties.BioMed research international · 2022Article
- Multimodal imaging reveals membrane skeleton reorganisation during reticulocyte maturation and differences in dimple and rim regions of mature erythrocytes.Journal of structural biology: X · 2022Article
- Constitutive Model of Erythrocyte Membranes with Distributions of Spectrin Orientations and Lengths.Biophysical journal · 2020Article
- DARC, Glycophorin A, Band 3, and GLUT1 Diffusion in Erythrocytes: Insights into Membrane Complexes.Biophysical journal · 2020Article
- Complementary mesoscale dynamics of spectrin and acto-myosin shape membrane territories during mechanoresponse.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Human erythrocytes: cytoskeleton and its origin.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2020Review
65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The isolated membrane skeleton of human erythrocytes was studied by high resolution negative staining electron microscopy. When the skeletal meshwork is spread onto a thin carbon film, clear images of a primarily hexagonal lattice of junctional F-actin complexes crosslinked by spectrin filaments are obtained. The regularly ordered network extends over the entire membrane skeleton. Some of the junctional complexes are arranged in the form of pentagons and septagons, approximately 3 and 8%, respectively. At least five forms of spectrin crosslinks are detected in the spread skeleton including a single spectrin tetramer linking two junctional complexes, three-armed Y-shaped spectrin molecules linking three junctional complexes, three-armed spectrin molecules connecting two junctional complexes with two arms bound to one complex and the third arm bound to the adjacent complex, double spectrin filaments linking two junctional complexes, and four-armed spectrin molecules linking two junctional complexes. Of these, the crosslinks of single spectrin tetramers and three-armed molecules are the most abundant and represent 84 and 11% of the total crosslinks, respectively. These observations are compatible with the presence of spectrin tetramers and oligomers in the erythrocyte membrane skeleton. Globular structures (9-12 nm in diameter) are attached to the majority of the spectrin tetramers or higher order oligomer-like molecules, approximately 80 nm from the distal ends of the spectrin tetramers. These globular structures are ankyrinor ankyrin/band 3-containing complexes, since they are absent when ankyrin and residual band 3 are extracted from the skeleton under hypertonic conditions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.