ArticleJournal of biomedical semantics2013
Building a drug ontology based on RxNorm and other sources.
Article in Journal of biomedical semantics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- An application-based ontological knowledge base of medications to support health literacy and adherence for the consumer population: an aging population use case.Journal of biomedical semantics · 2026Article
- A simplified retriever to improve accuracy of phenotype normalizations by large language models.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Article
- Patient-centric knowledge graphs: a survey of current methods, challenges, and applications.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2024Review
- Developing a Knowledge Graph for Pharmacokinetic Natural Product-Drug Interactions.Journal of biomedical informatics · 2023Article
- ChemFOnt: the chemical functional ontology resource.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Drug Abuse Ontology to Harness Web-Based Data for Substance Use Epidemiology Research: Ontology Development Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2022Article
- Alignment of two standard terminologies for dosage form: RxNorm from the National Library of Medicine for the United States and EDQM from the European Directorate for the Quality in Medicines and Healthcare for Europe.International journal of medical informatics · 2022Article
- Ontology-Based Classification and Analysis of Adverse Events Associated With the Usage of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- An ontology network for Diabetes Mellitus in Mexico.Journal of biomedical semantics · 2021Article
- Visual comprehension and orientation into the COVID-19 CIDO ontology.Journal of biomedical informatics · 2021Article
- A bottom-up approach to creating an ontology for medication indications.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2021Article
- Modelling kidney disease using ontology: insights from the Kidney Precision Medicine Project.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2020Review
- Optimizing Antihypertensive Medication Classification in Electronic Health Record-Based Data: Classification System Development and Methodological Comparison.JMIR medical informatics · 2020Article
- A 2018 workshop: vaccine and drug ontology studies (VDOS 2018).BMC bioinformatics · 2019Article
- Enhancing the drug ontology with semantically-rich representations of National Drug Codes and RxNorm unique concept identifiers.BMC bioinformatics · 2019Article
- Enhancing Clinical Data and Clinical Research Data with Biomedical Ontologies - Insights from the Knowledge Representation Perspective.Yearbook of medical informatics · 2019Article
- Comparing the representation of medicinal products in RxNorm and SNOMED CT - Consequences on interoperability.CEUR workshop proceedings · 2019Article
- Where to search top-K biomedical ontologies?Briefings in bioinformatics · 2019Review
- BioJupies: Automated Generation of Interactive Notebooks for RNA-Seq Data Analysis in the Cloud.Cell systems · 2018Article
- How Sustainable are Biomedical Ontologies?AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe built the Drug Ontology (DrOn) because we required correct and consistent drug information in a format for use in semantic web applications, and no existing resource met this requirement or could be altered to meet it. One of the obstacles we faced when creating DrOn was the difficulty in reusing drug information from existing sources. The primary external source we have used at this stage in DrOn's development is RxNorm, a standard drug terminology curated by the National Library of Medicine (NLM). To build DrOn, we (1) mined data from historical releases of RxNorm and (2) mapped many RxNorm entities to Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) classes, pulling relevant information from ChEBI while doing so.
resultsWe built DrOn in a modular fashion to facilitate simpler extension and development of the ontology and to allow reasoning and construction to scale. Classes derived from each source are serialized in separate modules. For example, the classes in DrOn that are programmatically derived from RxNorm are stored in a separate module and subsumed by classes in a manually-curated, realist, upper-level module of DrOn with terms such as 'clinical drug role', 'tablet', 'capsule', etc.
conclusionsDrOn is a modular, extensible ontology of drug products, their ingredients, and their biological activity that avoids many of the fundamental flaws found in other, similar artifacts and meets the requirements of our comparative-effectiveness research use-case.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.