ReviewCarcinogenesis2014
Cancer as a metabolic disease: implications for novel therapeutics.
Review in Carcinogenesis, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 260 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Very Low Carbohydrate Diet to Glasgow Prognostic Score, Serum Lactate and TNF Alpha on Colorectal Cancer Patients With Best Supportive Care
Evaluating the Impact of a 12-month Multi-Modal Lifestyle Management Intervention on Disease Relevant Biomarkers Associated With Monoclonal Gammopathy of Unknown Significance (MGUS) and Smoldering Myeloma (SM): A Prospective Intervention Pilot Study
Who cites it
260 citing papers in PubMed.
- The "Selfish Cell": The Central Role of Metabolism in Relaying Environmental Stimuli and Controlling Cellular Function.Biology · 2026Review
- Ketogenic diet as a systems-level immunometabolic sensitization strategy in cancer therapy: integrating metabolism, immune reprogramming, microbiome dynamics, and epigenetic regulation.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Ketogenic Diet as an Adjuvant in Epithelial Cancers: Mechanisms, Model Systems, and Translational Opportunities.Cancers · 2026Review
- Metaproteomic profiling reveals viral proteins and associated host proteomic alterations in glioblastoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal targeting hexokinase 2 disrupts glycolysis and nucleotide metabolism to inhibit NSCLC growth.World journal of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Lipid-dominated metabolites mediate the association between low body mass index and esophageal malignancy: a population-based nested case-control study.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Review
- The biological functions of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) in cancer.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2026Review
- Modeling VEGF and GLUT1 Expression as Coadapted Foraging Strategies in Cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Development of Glycoconjugated MAGL Inhibitors with Glucose-Dependent Antiproliferative Activity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- HER3 beyond the canonical paradigm: a versatile signaling hub in oncogenesis and therapeutic resistance.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- The rising burden of obesity-linked cancers in Saudi Arabia: a public health review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- The integrated theory of carcinogenesis: cancer as dysregulated persistence under chronic systemic stress.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Management of advanced HR-positive breast cancer using metabolically supported chemotherapy and repurposed drugs: a case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- The mechanisms and therapeutic advances of interactions between breast cancer and cardiovascular diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Nutritional approaches in combating therapeutic resistance and enhancing treatment efficacy in cancer: the impact of ketogenic diets.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Review
- Heterogenous mitochondrial ultrastructure and metabolism of human glioblastoma cells: differences between stem-like and differentiated cancer cells in response to chemotherapy.Radiology and oncology · 2025Article
- Inverse Association Between METS-IR and Lung Cancer Risk: The Role of BMI in a Nationwide Korean Cohort.Cancers · 2025Article
- Combined Effects of Atorvastatin and Glucose Deprivation on Metabolic Stress and Lipid-Raft Disruption in Glioblastoma and Breast Cancer Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Cell Death, Molecular Targeted Therapies, and Metabolic Reprogramming in EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
200 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that cancer is primarily a metabolic disease involving disturbances in energy production through respiration and fermentation. The genomic instability observed in tumor cells and all other recognized hallmarks of cancer are considered downstream epiphenomena of the initial disturbance of cellular energy metabolism. The disturbances in tumor cell energy metabolism can be linked to abnormalities in the structure and function of the mitochondria. When viewed as a mitochondrial metabolic disease, the evolutionary theory of Lamarck can better explain cancer progression than can the evolutionary theory of Darwin. Cancer growth and progression can be managed following a whole body transition from fermentable metabolites, primarily glucose and glutamine, to respiratory metabolites, primarily ketone bodies. As each individual is a unique metabolic entity, personalization of metabolic therapy as a broad-based cancer treatment strategy will require fine-tuning to match the therapy to an individual's unique physiology.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.