ArticleCancer research2014
PD-1 and Tim-3 regulate the expansion of tumor antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells induced by melanoma vaccines.
Article in Cancer research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 143 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
143 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 204 citations in OpenAlex.
- TIM-3 rs1036199 polymorphism increases susceptibility to autoimmune diseases: evidence based on 4200 subjects.Bioscience reports · 2018Pooled it
- Combined Targeting of PD-1 and TIM-3 in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: AMBER Part 2B.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Trial
- PD-1 and TIGIT downregulation distinctly affect the effector and early memory phenotypes of CD19-targeting CAR T cells.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2022Trial
- Disease progression in recurrent glioblastoma patients treated with the VEGFR inhibitor axitinib is associated with increased regulatory T cell numbers and T cell exhaustion.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2016Trial
- Programmed death-1 blockade enhances the antitumor effects of peptide vaccine-induced peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.International journal of oncology · 2015Trial
- Lnc-TIM3 promotes acute lymphoblastic leukemia progression through miR-5094-mediated regulation of TIM3.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Cancer Immunotherapy: Therapeutic Limitations and Next-Generation Precision Strategies.Immune network · 2026Review
- Intratumoral Virus-Like Particles Containing a TLR9 Agonist Combined with Systemic αPD-1 Activate Tumor-Specific CD8+ T Cells.Cancer research communications · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint TIM-3 in tumor immunotherapy.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2026Review
- The cost of persistent alarm: temporal transcriptional reprogramming of macrophages from acute activation to chronic immune suppression by day 11.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Development and evaluation of a peptide-based radiotracer for targeting TIM-3 in preclinical models.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Cancer vaccines as enablers of immunotherapy.Nature immunology · 2025Review
- Combined Targeting of PD-1 and TIM-3 in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Melanoma: AMBER Cohorts 1c, 1e, and 2A.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Article
- Article
- Unlocking new frontiers: novel immune targets for next-generation cancer immunotherapy.Korean journal of clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Reversing the "cold" tumor microenvironment: the role of neoantigen vaccines in prostate cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Management of In-transit Disease: Regional Therapies, Intralesional Therapies, and Systemic Therapy.Surgical oncology clinics of North America · 2025Review
- TIM-3 teams up with PD-1 in cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms and perspectives.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Unravelling T cell exhaustion through co-inhibitory receptors and its transformative role in cancer immunotherapy.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Review
- Galectin-9 and Tim-3 in gastric cancer: a checkpoint axis driving T cell exhaustion and Treg-mediated immunosuppression independently of anti-PD-1 blockade.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
83 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Although melanoma vaccines stimulate tumor antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells, objective clinical responses are rarely observed. To investigate this discrepancy, we evaluated the character of vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cells with regard to the inhibitory T-cell coreceptors PD-1 and Tim-3 in patients with metastatic melanoma who were administered tumor vaccines. The vaccines included incomplete Freund's adjuvant, CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG), and the HLA-A2-restricted analog peptide NY-ESO-1 157-165V, either by itself or in combination with the pan-DR epitope NY-ESO-1 119-143. Both vaccines stimulated rapid tumor antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses detected ex vivo, however, tumor antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells produced more IFN-γ and exhibited higher lytic function upon immunization with MHC class I and class II epitopes. Notably, the vast majority of vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cells upregulated PD-1 and a minority also upregulated Tim-3. Levels of PD-1 and Tim-3 expression by vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cells at the time of vaccine administration correlated inversely with their expansion in vivo. Dual blockade of PD-1 and Tim-3 enhanced the expansion and cytokine production of vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cells in vitro. Collectively, our findings support the use of PD-1 and Tim-3 blockades with cancer vaccines to stimulate potent antitumor T-cell responses and increase the likelihood of clinical responses in patients with advanced melanoma.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.