Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24342994›Full record

SynthesisMolecular psychiatry2014

Molecular genetic evidence for overlap between general cognitive ability and risk for schizophrenia: a report from the Cognitive Genomics consorTium (COGENT).

T Lencz, E Knowles, G Davies, S Guha, D C Liewald, J M Starr, S Djurovic, I Melle, K Sundet, A Christoforou and 36 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Molecular psychiatry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
124citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 23% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

124 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Independent evidence for an association between general cognitive ability and a genetic locus for educational attainment.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2015
    Pooled it
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  11. Pooled it
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Impact of early social isolation on social circuits and behavior: relevance to schizophrenia.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Association ofAlpha psychiatry · 2025
    Article
  20. Independent inheritance of cognition and bipolar disorder in a family sample.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2025
    Article

64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

46 authors at 14 institutions in 8 countries.

T Lencz1] Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA [2] Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA [3] Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA.
E KnowlesDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
G Davies1] Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK [2] Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK [3] Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre and MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK.
S GuhaDivision of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.
D C Liewald1] Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK [2] Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
J M Starr1] Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK [2] Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
S Djurovic1] NorMent, KG Jebsen Centre, Oslo, Norway [2] Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
I Melle1] NorMent, KG Jebsen Centre, Oslo, Norway [2] Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway [3] Psychosis Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
K Sundet1] NorMent, KG Jebsen Centre, Oslo, Norway [2] Psychosis Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
A Christoforou1] K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
I ReinvangDepartment of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
S Mukherjee1] Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA [2] Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
Pamela DeRosse1] Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA [2] Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
A Lundervold1] K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [3] Kavli Research Centre for Aging and Dementia, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
V M Steen1] K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
M John1] Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA [2] Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
T Espeseth1] Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway [2] K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
K Räikkönen1] Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland.
E WidenInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
A Palotie1] Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK [3] Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
J G Eriksson1] National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland [2] Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [3] Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki, Finland [4] Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland [5] Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland.
I GieglingDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany.
B KonteDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany.
M IkedaDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan.
P RoussosDepartment of Psychiatry, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
S GiakoumakiDepartment of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
K E BurdickDepartment of Psychiatry, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
A PaytonCentre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
W OllierCentre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
M HoranSchool of Community-Based Medicine, Neurodegeneration Research Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
G DonohoeNeuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
D MorrisNeuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
A CorvinNeuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
M GillNeuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
N PendletonInstitute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
N IwataDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan.
A DarvasiDepartment of Genetics, The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
P BitsiosDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
D RujescuDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany.
J Lahti1] Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland.
S L Hellard1] K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
M C KellerInstitute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
O A Andreassen1] NorMent, KG Jebsen Centre, Oslo, Norway [2] Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway [3] Psychosis Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
I J Deary1] Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK [2] Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
D C GlahnDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
A K Malhotra1] Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA [2] Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA [3] Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA.
Trinity College Dublin · IEUniversity of Manchester · GBFeinstein Institute for Medical Research · USFujita Health University · JPIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · USUniversity of Crete · GRUniversity of Edinburgh · GBYale University · USHebrew University of Jerusalem · ILInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland · FIUniversity of Bergen · NOUniversity of Colorado Boulder · USUniversity of Oslo · NOZucker Hillside Hospital · US

Funding

Striatal D2/D3 Dopamine receptor availability in first episode schizophreniaP50MH080173 · NIMH · FEINSTEIN INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH · PI SZESZKO, PHILIP R · 2008 to 2012
$10.4M
Estimating the genetic and environmental architecture of psychiatric disordersR01MH100141 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI KELLER, MATTHEW CHARLES · 2013 to 2022
$5.3M
Common and Rare Genetic Factors in an Ethnically Homogeneous Schizophrenia CohortRC2MH089964 · NIMH · FEINSTEIN INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH · PI LENCZ, TODD · 2009 to 2010
$3.5M
Influence of Psychosis on Brain-Behavior Endophenotypes for Bipolar DisorderR01MH080912 · NIMH · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI GLAHN, DAVID C · 2008 to 2012
$2.6M
Genetic Variation and Functional Disability in SchizophreniaR01MH079800 · NIMH · FEINSTEIN INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH · PI MALHOTRA, ANIL K · 2007 to 2011
$1.9M
Neurocognition as an endophenotype in bipolar disorderK23MH077807 · NIMH · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI BURDICK, KATHERINE ELIZABETH · 2008 to 2012
$774k
Evolutionary Roles of Homozygosity & Copy Number Variation in Mental DisordersK01MH085812 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI KELLER, MATTHEW CHARLES · 2010 to 2014
$751k
Identifying Schizophrenia Risk Loci in the MHC Using Next Generation SequencingK99MH101255 · NIMH · FEINSTEIN INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH · PI MUKHERJEE, SEMANTI · 2013 to 2014
$180k
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/F019394/1Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/F022441/1Chief Scientist Office CZB/4/505Chief Scientist Office ETM/55Medical Research Council G0700704Medical Research Council MR/K026992/1NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH085812NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH077807NIMH NIH HHS K99 MH101255NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH080173NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH079800NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH080912NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH100141NIMH NIH HHS RC2 MH089964
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

It has long been recognized that generalized deficits in cognitive ability represent a core component of schizophrenia (SCZ), evident before full illness onset and independent of medication. The possibility of genetic overlap between risk for SCZ and cognitive phenotypes has been suggested by the presence of cognitive deficits in first-degree relatives of patients with SCZ; however, until recently, molecular genetic approaches to test this overlap have been lacking. Within the last few years, large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of SCZ have demonstrated that a substantial proportion of the heritability of the disorder is explained by a polygenic component consisting of many common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of extremely small effect. Similar results have been reported in GWAS of general cognitive ability. The primary aim of the present study is to provide the first molecular genetic test of the classic endophenotype hypothesis, which states that alleles associated with reduced cognitive ability should also serve to increase risk for SCZ. We tested the endophenotype hypothesis by applying polygenic SNP scores derived from a large-scale cognitive GWAS meta-analysis (~5000 individuals from nine nonclinical cohorts comprising the Cognitive Genomics consorTium (COGENT)) to four SCZ case-control cohorts. As predicted, cases had significantly lower cognitive polygenic scores compared to controls. In parallel, polygenic risk scores for SCZ were associated with lower general cognitive ability. In addition, using our large cognitive meta-analytic data set, we identified nominally significant cognitive associations for several SNPs that have previously been robustly associated with SCZ susceptibility. Results provide molecular confirmation of the genetic overlap between SCZ and general cognitive ability, and may provide additional insight into pathophysiology of the disorder.

Indexed as

CognitionAdolescentAdultAgedAllelesCase-Control StudiesFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenome-Wide Association StudyGenotyping TechniquesHumansMaleMiddle AgedMultifactorial InheritanceNeuropsychological TestsPolymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Identifiers

PMID24342994
PMCPMC3968799
OpenAlexW1497405390

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.