Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24340294›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2013

The accuracy of eyelid movement parameters for drowsiness detection.

Vanessa E Wilkinson, Melinda L Jackson, Justine Westlake, Bronwyn Stevens, Maree Barnes, Philip Swann, Shantha M W Rajaratnam, Mark E Howard

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Eye-Blink Parameters Detect On-Road Track-Driving Impairment Following Severe Sleep Deprivation.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2019
    Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. PERCLOS-based technologies for detecting drowsiness: current evidence and future directions.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2023
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Heart Rate Change While Drowsy Driving.Journal of Korean medical science · 2019
    Article
  12. The Differential Effects of Regular Shift Work and Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Sleepiness, Mood and Neurocognitive Function.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2018
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Prolonged Eyelid Closure Episodes during Sleep Deprivation in Professional Drivers.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2016
    Article
  17. High risk of near-crash driving events following night-shift work.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016
    Article
  18. Sleepiness and Safety: Where Biology Needs Technology.Sleep and biological rhythms · 2014
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Vanessa E WilkinsonInstitute for Breathing & Sleep, Department of Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia.
Melinda L Jackson
Justine Westlake
Bronwyn Stevens
Maree Barnes
Philip Swann
Shantha M W Rajaratnam
Mark E Howard
Institute for Breathing and Sleep · AUBrigham and Women's Hospital · USThe University of Melbourne · AUVicRoads · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

STUDY

objectivesDrowsiness is a major risk factor for motor vehicle and occupational accidents. Real-time objective indicators of drowsiness could potentially identify drowsy individuals with the goal of intervening before an accident occurs. Several ocular measures are promising objective indicators of drowsiness; however, there is a lack of studies evaluating their accuracy for detecting behavioral impairment due to drowsiness in real time.

methodsIn this study, eye movement parameters were measured during vigilance tasks following restricted sleep and in a rested state (n = 33 participants) at three testing points (n = 71 data points) to compare ocular measures to a gold standard measure of drowsiness (OSLER). The utility of these parameters for detecting drowsiness-related errors was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) (adjusted by clustering for participant) and identification of optimal cutoff levels for identifying frequent drowsiness-related errors (4 missed signals in a minute using OSLER). Their accuracy was tested for detecting increasing frequencies of behavioral lapses on a different task (psychomotor vigilance task [PVT]).

resultsOcular variables which measured the average duration of eyelid closure (inter-event duration [IED]) and the ratio of the amplitude to velocity of eyelid closure were reliable indicators of frequent errors (area under the curve for ROC of 0.73 to 0.83, p < 0.05). IED produced a sensitivity and specificity of 71% and 88% for detecting ≥ 3 lapses (PVT) in a minute and 100% and 86% for ≥ 5 lapses. A composite measure of several eye movement characteristics (Johns Drowsiness Scale) provided sensitivities of 77% and 100% for detecting 3 and ≥ 5 lapses in a minute, with specificities of 85% and 83%, respectively.

conclusionsOcular measures, particularly those measuring the average duration of episodes of eye closure are promising real-time indicators of drowsiness.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedBlinkingEyelidsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMovementPsychomotor PerformanceReaction TimeReproducibility of ResultsROC CurveSensitivity and SpecificitySleep DeprivationBehavioral lapsesdrowsinesseye blinksfatigueocular measures

Identifiers

PMID24340294
PMCPMC3836343
OpenAlexW2128126793

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.