Trial reportPloS one2013
Galectin-4, a novel predictor for lymph node metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma.
Trial report in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Galectin-4 contributes to the maintenance of expression and activation of multiple receptor-type kinases involved in peritoneal metastasis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Integrating multi-omics data revealing LIMK1 as a metastatic biomarker in LUAD patients with brain metastasis.Cancer cell international · 2026Article
- Association of Elevated Galectin-4 Concentrations with Obesity, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Inhibitory Effect of Fucoidan Analogs on Highly Metastatic Gastric Cancer Cells via Galectin-4 Inhibition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Galectin-4 potentiates CD8+ T cell immunity by enhancing MHC-I expression on dendritic cells.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Multifaceted roles of Galectins: from carbohydrate binding to targeted cancer therapy.Biomarker research · 2025Review
- Analysis of cancer-associated glycosyltransferases reveals novel targets of non-small cell lung cancer pathogenesis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Galectin-4 Is Involved in the Structural Changes of Glycosphingolipid Glycans in Poorly Differentiated Gastric Cancer Cells with High Metastatic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Oligosaccharide Ligands of Galectin-4 and Its Subunits: Multivalency Scores Highly.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Suppression of galectin-4 attenuates peritoneal metastasis of poorly differentiated gastric cancer cells.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2023Article
- Galectins and galectin-mediated autophagy regulation: new insights into targeted cancer therapy.Biomarker research · 2023Review
- Targeting intracellular galectins for cancer treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Galectin functions in cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Application of Proteomics in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Biomarker Investigations: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Galectins dysregulation: A way for cancer cells to invade and pervade.Oncology research · 2022Article
- Galectin Family Members: Emerging Novel Targets for Lymphoma Therapy?Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Assessing Differences in Lymph Node Metastasis Based Upon Sex in Early Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.World journal of surgery · 2021Article
- From multi-omics integration towards novel genomic interaction networks to identify key cancer cell line characteristics.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Establishment of a patient-derived xenograft mouse model of pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma.Journal of toxicologic pathology · 2021Article
- Immune infiltration and prognostic and diagnostic use of LGALS4 in colon adenocarcinoma and bladder urothelial carcinoma.American journal of translational research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metastasis is still a major issue in cancer, and the discovery of biomarkers predicting metastatic capacity is essential for the development of better therapeutic strategies for treating lung adenocarcinoma. By using a proteomic approach, we aimed to identify novel predictors for lymph node metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma. Two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed 6 spots differentially expressed between lymph node metastasis-positive and lymph node metastasis-negative groups in a discovery set. Subsequent mass spectrometry showed that 2 of these spots were derived from galectin-4, and western blot analysis confirmed the overexpression of galectin-4 in metastatic samples. The predictive value of galectin-4 was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis for a validation set consisting of 707 surgically resected specimens of lung adenocarcinomas (stages I to IV). We observed that 148 lung adenocarcinomas (20.9%) expressed galectin-4, which was significantly associated with variables of disease progression such as tumor size (p<0.0001), pleural invasion (p = 0.0071), venous invasion (p = 0.0178), nodal status (p = 0.0007), and TNM stage (p<0.0001). By the multivariate analysis, Galectin-4 expression was revealed as one of the independent predictor for lymph node metastasis, together with solid predominant and micropapillary histologic pattern. Furthermore, galectin-4 expression was revealed to be an independent predictor for lymph node metastasis and an adverse survival factor in patients with lung adenocarcinoma of acinar predominant type. Galectin-4 plays an important role in metastatic process of lung adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical testing for galectin-4 expression may be useful together with the detection of specific histology to predict the metastatic potential of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.