ReviewFrontiers in immunology2013
Tim-3: an activation marker and activation limiter of innate immune cells.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 199 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- The role of PD-1 and Tim-3 in regulating the suppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in axial spondyloarthritis: association with clinical and laboratory parameters.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint TIM-3 in tumor immunotherapy.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2026Review
- The TIM-3/Gal-9 Pathway: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Regulation of Immune Checkpoint in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Current rheumatology reviews · 2026Review
- Immunopathogenesis of severe pneumonia in children with emphasis on CD4+ T cells, Tim-3 and cytokine-mediated immune dysregulation.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Harnessing tumor immune checkpoints for autoimmune disease therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- TIM-3 blockade enhances ex vivo stimulated allogeneic NK cell therapy for relapsed murine neuroblastoma after hematopoietic cell transplant.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Expression of TIM-3 and Gal-9 Immune Checkpoints in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: The Potential Role of Interleukin-27.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- The Problem of Molecular Target Choice for CAR-T Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- TIM-3 teams up with PD-1 in cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms and perspectives.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Immunomodulation by allograft endothelial cells.Frontiers in transplantation · 2025Review
- Expression of Tim-3 on neutrophils as a novel indicator to assess disease activity and severity in ankylosing spondylitis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Markers of T cell activation and exhaustion in plasma are associated with persistent symptoms up to 18 months following mild SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Heat shock protein 70 promotes the progression of type 2 diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 and thereby promoting Th17/Treg imbalance.Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2024Article
- Effect of Cyclosporine A on Th1/Th2 Cytokine Production by Decidual Stromal Cells Mediated by Trophoblast-derived Galectin-9.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024Article
- Immunotherapy combination approaches: mechanisms, biomarkers and clinical observations.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- TCR β chain repertoire characteristic between healthy human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.Bioscience reports · 2024Article
- Therapeutic and immunomodulatory potentials of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and immune checkpoints related molecules.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- Beyond PD(L)-1 Blockade in Microsatellite-Instable Cancers: Current Landscape of Immune Co-Inhibitory Receptor Targeting.Cancers · 2024Review
- TIM-3 transcriptomic landscape with clinical and immunomic correlates in cancer.American journal of cancer research · 2024Article
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tim-3 was initially identified on activated Th1, Th17, and Tc1 cells and induces T cell death or exhaustion after binding to its ligand, Gal-9. The observed relationship between dysregulated Tim-3 expression on T cells and the progression of many clinical diseases has identified this molecule as an important target for intervention in adaptive immunity. Recent data have shown that it also plays critical roles in regulating the activities of macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, mast cells, natural killer cells, and endothelial cells. Although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, dysregulation of Tim-3 expression on these innate immune cells leads to an excessive or inhibited inflammatory response and subsequent autoimmune damage or viral or tumor evasion. In this review, we focus on the expression and function of Tim-3 on innate immune cells and discuss (1) how Tim-3 is expressed and regulated on different innate immune cells; (2) how it affects the activity of different innate immune cells; and (3) how dysregulated Tim-3 expression on innate immune cells affects adaptive immunity and disease progression. Tim-3 is involved in the optimal activation of innate immune cells through its varied expression. A better understanding of the physiopathological role of the Tim-3 pathway in innate immunity will shed new light on the pathogenesis of clinical diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, chronic viral infections, and cancer, and suggest new approaches to intervention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.