Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24339157›Full record

ArticleGlia2014

Youth and environmental enrichment generate serum exosomes containing miR-219 that promote CNS myelination.

Aya D Pusic, Richard P Kraig

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Glia, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 125 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
125citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

125 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  10. The Role of Microglial Exosomes in Clozapine Treatment: Effect on Cognition in Schizophrenia.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025
    Review
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  12. Article
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  16. Vesicles: New Advances in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Review
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65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Aya D PusicDepartment of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Committee on Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
Richard P Kraig

Funding

Re-Engineering Translational Research at the University of ChicagoUL1TR000430 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI SOLWAY, JULIAN · 2012 to 2016
$20.2M
THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF B-MANNOSIDOSISP01HD009402 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI KRAIG, RICHARD P · 1985 to 2015
$13.0M
HYDROGEN IONS AND BRAIN INFARCTIONR01NS019108 · NINDS · WEILL MEDICAL COLLEGE OF CORNELL UNIV · PI KRAIG, RICHARD P · 1985 to 2019
$5.2M
TRAINING IN NEURAL SYSTEMST32GM007839 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI MASON, PEGGY · 1985 to 2012
$4.2M
Exosome RNA-Therapeutics to Promote CNS MyelinationUH2TR000918 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI KRAIG, RICHARD P · 2013 to 2014
$568k
NCATS NIH HHS 1 UH 2 TR000918NCATS NIH HHS UH2 TR000918NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000430NICHD NIH HHS 5 PO1 HD 09402NICHD NIH HHS P01 HD009402NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007839NIGMS NIH HHS T32-GM07839NINDS NIH HHS NS-19108NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS019108
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although commonly considered a disease of white matter, gray matter demyelination is increasingly recognized as an important component of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis, particularly in the secondary progressive disease phase. Extent of damage to gray matter is strongly correlated to decline in memory and cognitive dysfunction in MS patients. Aging likewise occurs with cognitive decline from myelin loss, and age-associated failure to remyelinate significantly contributes to MS progression. However, recent evidence demonstrates that parabiotic exposure of aged animals to a youthful systemic milieu can promote oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation and improve remyelination. In the current study, we focus on this potential for stimulating remyelination, and show it involves serum exosomes that increase OPCs and their differentiation into mature myelin-producing cells-both under control conditions and after acute demyelination. Environmental enrichment (EE) of aging animals produced exosomes that mimicked this promyelinating effect. Additionally, stimulating OPC differentiation via exosomes derived from environmentally enriched animals is unlikely to deplete progenitors, as EE itself promotes proliferation of neural stem cells. We found that both young and EE serum-derived exosomes were enriched in miR-219, which is necessary and sufficient for production of myelinating oligodendrocytes by reducing the expression of inhibitory regulators of differentiation. Accordingly, protein transcript levels of these miR-219 target mRNAs decreased following exosome application to slice cultures. Finally, nasal administration of exosomes to aging rats also enhanced myelination. Thus, peripheral circulating cells in young or environmentally enriched animals produce exosomes that may be a useful therapy for remyelination.

Indexed as

AgingAnimalsAxonsCell DifferentiationCentral Nervous SystemDemyelinating DiseasesEnvironmental ExposureExosomesMaleMicroRNAsMyelin SheathNeural Stem CellsOligodendrogliaRats, Inbred WKYMicroRNAsMIRN219 microRNA, rataginghippocampal slice culturemultiple sclerosisneuroimmuneremyelination

Identifiers

PMID24339157
PMCPMC4096126

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.