ArticleScience translational medicine2013
PD-1- and CTLA-4-based inhibitory chimeric antigen receptors (iCARs) divert off-target immunotherapy responses.
Article in Science translational medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 468 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
468 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 714 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping the clinical landscape of multifunctional CAR T cells: Targets, trends, and synergies.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy for solid tumors in pediatric patients: current breakthroughs, dilemmas, and strategies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Tunable universal OR-gated CAR T cells for AML.iScience · 2026Article
- A guide to CAR T cell therapies: development, current status and future prospects.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Adoptive cell therapies in thoracic malignancies: a comprehensive review.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Bispecific CAR T and CAR NK cells in dual-threat immunotherapy: opportunities and challenges.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Structure-Function Insights into Immune Receptors Drive Innovation in CAR-T Cell Therapy.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Spatial Regulation of CAR Signaling Enables Logic-Gated Activity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- NOT-gated chimeric antigen receptor circuits in T and NK cells.Cell systems · 2026Article
- Systematic functional screening of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domains identifies potent inhibitory modules for chimeric antigen receptor-T.Antibody therapeutics · 2026Article
- Application of CAR-T therapy in solid tumors: current opportunities and challenges.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Review
- Synthetic SIGLEC9-based chimeric switch receptor augments the efficacy of CAR macrophages against glioblastoma.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Advances in IL-2 Family Cytokine-Based Cancer Therapies: Overcoming Challenges Through Molecular Engineering and Delivery Strategies.Immune network · 2026Review
- In vivo engineering of CAR-T cells: delivery strategies and clinical translation.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Engineering Immunity: Current Progress and Future Directions of CAR-T Cell Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Targeting the synovial engine: next-generation engineered immune cells to eradicate pathogenic FLS in rheumatoid arthritis, with safety-first, selective designs.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Advances in Biomarkers for CAR-T Treatment Resistance in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Enhancing CAR-NK persistence to unlock its full therapeutic potentials.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Chimeric antigen receptor technology: an emerging translational immunotherapy in nonneoplastic diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Reprogramming adoptive cell therapy for osteosarcoma: engineering, vaccination, and tumor microenvironment remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
408 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
T cell therapies have demonstrated long-term efficacy and curative potential for the treatment of some cancers. However, their use is limited by damage to bystander tissues, as seen in graft-versus-host disease after donor lymphocyte infusion, or "on-target, off-tumor" toxicities incurred in some engineered T cell therapies. Nonspecific immunosuppression and irreversible T cell elimination are currently the only means to control such deleterious responses, but at the cost of abrogating therapeutic benefits or causing secondary complications. On the basis of the physiological paradigm of immune inhibitory receptors, we designed antigen-specific inhibitory chimeric antigen receptors (iCARs) to preemptively constrain T cell responses. We demonstrate that CTLA-4- or PD-1-based iCARs can selectively limit cytokine secretion, cytotoxicity, and proliferation induced through the endogenous T cell receptor or an activating chimeric receptor. The initial effect of the iCAR is temporary, thus enabling T cells to function upon a subsequent encounter with the antigen recognized by their activating receptor. iCARs thus provide a dynamic, self-regulating safety switch to prevent, rather than treat, the consequences of inadequate T cell specificity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.