ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2014
Role of IL-6 in Mycobacterium avium--associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-HIV Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: a case report and systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Mycobacterial antigen driven activation of CD14++CD16- monocytes is a predictor of tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.PLoS pathogens · 2014Trial
- Age-Associated Senescence of Decidual Macrophages: A Key Mediator of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Advanced Maternal Age.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Immune Reconstitution Syndrome Caused by Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: A Case Report and Review of Literature.Cureus · 2024Article
- IL-6 Inhibition as a Therapeutic Target in Aged Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Blockade of innate inflammatory cytokines TNFImmunotherapy advances · 2023Article
- Interplay between systemic inflammation, anemia, and mycobacterial dissemination and its impact on mortality in TB-associated HIV: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Vaccination inducing durable and robust antigen-specific Th1/Th17 immune responses contributes to prophylactic protection againstVirulence · 2022Article
- An Intercellular Flow of Glutathione Regulated by Interleukin 6 Links Astrocytes and the Liver in the Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- High Levels of TNF-α and TIM-3 as a Biomarker of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in People with HIV Infection.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Plasma Metabolomics Reveals Dysregulated Metabolic Signatures in HIV-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Observational
- COVID-19 and HIV-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: Emergence of Pathogen-Specific Immune Responses Adding Fuel to the Fire.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Tuberculosis IRIS: Pathogenesis, Presentation, and Management across the Spectrum of Disease.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Genetic Deficiency of Interferon-γ Reveals Interferon-γ-Independent Manifestations of Murine Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2020Article
- Tea Tree Oil Prevents Mastitis-Associated Inflammation in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2020Article
- Anti-IL-6 Versus Anti-IL-6R Blocking Antibodies to Treat Acute Ebola Infection in BALB/c Mice: Potential Implications for Treating Cytokine Release Syndrome.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
- Th1-DependentFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Systemic Inflammation in Pregnant Women With Latent Tuberculosis Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Case Report: DisseminatedThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2019Article
- Multifocal tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome - a case report of a complicated scenario.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a major adverse event of antiretroviral therapy in HIV infection, and paradoxically occurs as HIV viremia is suppressed and CD4 T cell numbers recover. IRIS reflects pathogenic immune responses against opportunistic infections acquired during the period of immunodeficiency, but little is understood about the mechanisms of inflammatory pathology. In this study, we show that IL-6 and C-reactive protein levels transiently rise at the time of the IRIS event in HIV-infected patients, unmasking Mycobacterium avium complex infection after starting antiretroviral therapy. To directly test the role of IL-6 in IRIS pathology, we used a model of experimentally inducible IRIS in which M. avium-infected T cell-deficient mice undergo a fatal inflammatory disease after reconstitution with CD4 T cells. We find that IL-6 neutralization reduces C-reactive protein levels, alleviates wasting disease, and extends host survival during experimental IRIS. Moreover, we show that combined blockade of IL-6 and IFN-γ further reduces IRIS pathology, even after the onset of wasting disease. The combination of these clinical and experimental-model data show that the IL-6 pathway is not only a biomarker of mycobacterial IRIS but also a major mediator of pathology distinct from IFN-γ and may be a useful target for therapeutic intervention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.