ArticleMicrobial ecology2014
Role of house flies in the ecology of Enterococcus faecalis from wastewater treatment facilities.
Article in Microbial ecology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacterial pathogens identified from houseflies in different human and animal settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Veterinary medicine and science · 2022Pooled it
- Mobile genetic elements and wastewater treatment: contaminants of emerging concern, climate change, and trophic transmission.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Persistence of Marine Bacterial Plasmid in the House Fly (Musca domestica): Marine-Derived Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Have a Chance of Invading the Human Environment.Microbial ecology · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Associated Factors ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- House Flies Are Underappreciated Yet Important Reservoirs and Vectors of Microbial Threats to Animal and Human Health.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Antibiotic Pollution in the Environment: From Microbial Ecology to Public Policy.Microorganisms · 2019Review
- Antimicrobial Resistance inMicrobiology spectrum · 2018Review
- Article
- Insects represent a link between food animal farms and the urban environment for antibiotic resistance traits.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Enterococci are important nosocomial pathogens, with Enterococcus faecalis most commonly responsible for human infections. In this study, we used several measures to test the hypothesis that house flies, Musca domestica (L.), acquire and disseminate antibiotic-resistant and potentially virulent E. faecalis from wastewater treatment facilities (WWTF) to the surrounding urban environment. House flies and sludge from four WWTF (1-4) as well as house flies from three urban sites close to WWTF-1 were collected and cultured for enterococci. Enterococci were identified, quantified, screened for antibiotic resistance and virulence traits, and assessed for clonality. Of the 11 antibiotics tested, E. faecalis was most commonly resistant to tetracycline, doxycycline, streptomycin, gentamicin, and erythromycin, and these traits were intra-species horizontally transferrable by in vitro conjugation. Profiles of E. faecalis (prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and virulence traits) from each of WWTF sludge and associated house flies were similar, indicating that flies successfully acquired these bacteria from this substrate. The greatest number of E. faecalis with antibiotic resistance and virulence factors (i.e., gelatinase, cytolysin, enterococcus surface protein, and aggregation substance) originated from WWTF-1 that processed meat waste from a nearby commercial meat-processing plant, suggesting an agricultural rather than human clinical source of these isolates. E. faecalis from house flies collected from three sites 0.7-1.5 km away from WWTF-1 were also similar in their antibiotic resistance profiles; however, antibiotic resistance was significantly less frequent. Clonal diversity assessment using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed the same clones of E. faecalis from sludge and house flies from WWTF-1 but not from the three urban sites close to WWTF-1. This study demonstrates that house flies acquire antibiotic-resistant enterococci from WWTF and potentially disseminate them to the surrounding environment.
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