ArticleEukaryotic cell2014
Role of the Apt1 protein in polysaccharide secretion by Cryptococcus neoformans.
Article in Eukaryotic cell, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- The lipid flippase MoNeo1 mediates vesicle trafficking and pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae.Stress biology · 2026Article
- An experimental approach to investigate extracellular vesicle-mediated transfer of lipids between fungal cells.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Butyrolactol A enhances caspofungin efficacy via flippase inhibition in drug-resistant fungi.Cell · 2026Article
- Immunogold labeling of extracellular vesicles from the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum reveals the presence of the protein marker Sur7.Fungal biology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- The flippases Apt1 and Apt2 differentially influence extracellular vesicle cargo and polysaccharide secretion in Cryptococcus neoformans.Journal of proteomics · 2025Article
- Butyrolactol A potentiates caspofungin efficacy against resistant fungi via phospholipid flippase inhibition.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Characterizing extracellular vesicles of human fungal pathogens.Nature microbiology · 2025Review
- Measuring Phospholipid Flippase Activity by NBD-Lipid Uptake in Living Yeast Cells.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Improved Broad Spectrum Antifungal Drug Synergies with Cryptomycin, a Cdc50-Inspired Antifungal Peptide.ACS infectious diseases · 2024Article
- IL-6 deficiency accelerates cerebral cryptococcosis and alters glial cell responses.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Correlated Factors That Are Affected in Replicative-AgedJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Corrected and republished from: "Extracellular Vesicle Formation inInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Immunomodulatory Potential of Fungal Extracellular Vesicles: Insights for Therapeutic Applications.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Article
- Characteristics and potential clinical applications of the extracellular vesicles of human pathogenic Fungi.BMC microbiology · 2023Review
- Functional Analysis of the P-Type ATPases Apt2-4 fromJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Extracellular vesicles in phytopathogenic fungi.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2023Review
- Fungal extracellular vesicle-mediated regulation: from virulence factor to clinical application.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Lipid Transport byInfection and immunity · 2022Article
- Extracellular Vesicle Formation in Cryptococcus deuterogattii Impacts Fungal Virulence and Requires theInfection and immunity · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Flippases are key regulators of membrane asymmetry and secretory mechanisms. Vesicular polysaccharide secretion is essential for the pathogenic mechanisms of Cryptococcus neoformans. On the basis of the observations that flippases are required for polysaccharide secretion in plants and the putative Apt1 flippase is required for cryptococcal virulence, we analyzed the role of this enzyme in polysaccharide release by C. neoformans, using a previously characterized apt1Δ mutant. Mutant and wild-type (WT) cells shared important phenotypic characteristics, including capsule morphology and dimensions, glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) composition, molecular size, and serological properties. The apt1Δ mutant, however, produced extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a lower GXM content and different size distribution in comparison with those of WT cells. Our data also suggested a defective intracellular GXM synthesis in mutant cells, in addition to changes in the architecture of the Golgi apparatus. These findings were correlated with diminished GXM production during in vitro growth, macrophage infection, and lung colonization. This phenotype was associated with decreased survival of the mutant in the lungs of infected mice, reduced induction of interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine levels, and inefficacy in colonization of the brain. Taken together, our results indicate that the lack of APT1 caused defects in both GXM synthesis and vesicular export to the extracellular milieu by C. neoformans via processes that are apparently related to the pathogenic mechanisms used by this fungus during animal infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.