Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24336433›Full record

ReviewPediatric research2014

Astrocytes and microglia in acute cerebral injury underlying cerebral palsy associated with preterm birth.

Carina Mallard, Joanne O Davidson, Sidhartha Tan, Colin R Green, Laura Bennet, Nicola J Robertson, Alistair Jan Gunn

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Pediatric research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
69citing papers in PubMed
13.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

69 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  4. Review
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  7. Review
  8. Role of astrocytes in the pathogenesis of perinatal brain injury.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025
    Review
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9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.

Carina MallardDepartment of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Joanne O DavidsonDepartment of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Sidhartha TanDepartment of Pediatrics, NorthShore University Health System and University of Chicago, Evanston, Illinois.
Colin R GreenDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Laura BennetDepartment of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Nicola J RobertsonInstitute of Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.
Alistair Jan GunnDepartment of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
University of Auckland · NZLondon Women's Clinic · GBNorthShore University HealthSystem · USUniversity of Gothenburg · SE

Funding

Developing a preventive cure for cerebral palsyR21NS063141 · NINDS · ENDEAVOR HEALTH CLINICAL OPERATIONS · PI TAN, SIDHARTHA · 2009 to 2010
$325k
NINDS NIH HHS R21 NS063141NINDS NIH HHS R21 NS063141-01A1,
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cerebral palsy is one of the most devastating consequences of brain injury around the time of birth, and nearly a third of cases are now associated with premature birth. Compared with term babies, preterm babies have an increased incidence of complications that may increase the risk of disability, such as intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis. The response to injury is highly dependent on brain maturity, and although cellular vulnerability is well documented, there is now evidence that premyelinating axons are also particularly sensitive to ischemic injury. In this review, we will explore recent evidence highlighting a central role for glia in mediating increased risk of disability in premature infants, including excessive activation of microglia and opening of astrocytic gap junction hemichannels in spreading injury after brain ischemia, in part likely involving release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and overactivation of purinergic receptors, particularly in white matter. We propose the hypothesis that inflammation-induced opening of connexin hemichannels is a key regulating event that initiates a vicious circle of excessive ATP release, which in turn propagates activation of purinergic receptors on microglia and astrocytes. This suggests that developing effective neuroprotective strategies for preterm infants requires a detailed understanding of glial responses.

Indexed as

Infant, PrematurePremature BirthAdenosine TriphosphateAnimalsAstrocytesBrainBrain InjuriesCerebral PalsyConnexinsHumansInfantInfant, NewbornInflammation MediatorsMicrogliaReceptors, Purinergic P2Risk FactorsAdenosine TriphosphateConnexinsInflammation MediatorsReceptors, Purinergic P2

Identifiers

PMID24336433
PMCPMC11908707
OpenAlexW2092689006

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.