Trial reportNature2014
Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome.
Trial report in Nature, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 24 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 5,328 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Alberta FYBER (Feed Your Gut Bacteria morE fibeR) Study: Exploring the Significance of Structure-function Relationships Between Dietary Fiber and the Gut Microbiota in Human Health.
Randomized Trial of Diet for Crohn's Disease and Impact on Disease Activity and the Microbiome
Nutritional Intake, Metabolic Abnormalities and Gut Microbiome in Children
A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effect of Replacing Sugar-sweetened Beverages With Non-nutritive Sweetened Beverages or Water on Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Outcomes: STOP Sugars NOW Trial
Full-fat Yogurt and Glucose Tolerance
Effect of Dietary Protein and Energy Restriction in the Improvement of Insulin Resistance in Subjects With Obesity
A Cross Sectional Study to Assess the Effect of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Gut and Urinary Microbiota in Patients With Prostate Cancer
Antimicrobial Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis : Evaluation of Two Antibiotic Combinations for Refractory Ulcerative Colitis
A Single-center Open-label Study to Determine the Effect of Diet on Microbiome Signatures in Crohn's Disease Patients
From Mouse to Man: Translating Findings in Mouse Study Into a Human Cohort (Luxembourgish Fiber Cohort: Lux-FiCo)
What is the Relation of Microbiome to Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma Development?
Investigating the Effect of Pelvic Radiotherapy on the Intestinal Microbiome and Metabolome to Improve the Detection and Management of Gastrointestinal (GI) Toxicity.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Nutritional Intervention for Endometriosis
Effects of Very Low Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Microbiota, Adipose Tissue and Immunitary Regulation: Pilot Study on Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Ketogenic Diet Interventions in Parkinson's Disease: Safeguarding the Gut Microbiome
Application of the 24-hour Recall Methodology Assisted by Digital Photographs and Homologation With Colombian Foods for the Analysis of Dietary Intake
Promephy - Metabolic Fate of Plant-based Proteins
Role of the Gut Microbiome as Determinant of Depression in Multiple Sclerosis Subjects
Gut Health Enhancement by Eating Favourable Food
The Effects of a Diet Enriched With Dietary Fibre on Glycaemic Response, Gastrointestinal Tolerability, Satiety, and Microbiome Functionality (The Fibre Full Study).
Nutrition OUtReach In Systems of Healthcare
Remotely Monitored, Mobile Health-supported, High Intensity Interval Training Before Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (REMM-HIIT-HCT)
Mediterranean Diet Uptake and Nutrition on Child Health, Inflammation, and Early-life Symbiosis (MUNCHIES): A Randomized Controlled Trial
The Effect of Soil Biodiversity on Human Gut Microbiome: a Process Pilot Study (The HUMANITAS Study)
Who cites it
5,328 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Functional Equivalence and Conserved Sexual Dimorphism in the Gut Microbiome: A Cross-Species Meta-analysis.Journal of molecular evolution · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of the Edible MicroalgaNutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Oral Microbiota Characteristics in Relation to Different Dietary Patterns: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Vegetarian and vegan diets and cancer incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Pooled it
- Contrasting dietary patterns remodel gut microbial function and generate multi-omic signatures associated with cardiometabolic markers.Gut microbes · 2026Trial
- Increasing plant protein sources in the diet modulates gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolism in men at cardiometabolic risk.Gut microbes · 2026Trial
- Tofogliflozin alters amino acid metabolism in gut microbiota linked to hepatic transcriptomic signatures in MASLD.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 Intake Improves Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial (Binary STAR Study).Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Trial
- Host diets drive microbiome evolution and functional divergence.Genes & diseases · 2027Review
- Human gut microbiome as a composite health biomarker.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Precise probiotic therapy: Advances, bottlenecks, and the road to microbiome-informed nutrition.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Gut microbiomes of tribal communities in India vary with dairy and grain consumption.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Modulation of the response to immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: the role of the microbiota and microbial metabolites in the tumor microenvironment.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Significance of GSH and HRedox report : communications in free radical research · 2026Review
- Dietary intervention through bacterial-derived butyrate elicits anti-tumor activity and increases anti-PD-1 response.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- The role of gut microbiome in aging-associated diseases: where do we stand now and how technology will transform the future.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Gut microbiome in type 2 diabetes: insights from metagenomics, multi-omics, and diet-microbe interactions.Gut microbes · 2026Review
5,268 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Long-term dietary intake influences the structure and activity of the trillions of microorganisms residing in the human gut, but it remains unclear how rapidly and reproducibly the human gut microbiome responds to short-term macronutrient change. Here we show that the short-term consumption of diets composed entirely of animal or plant products alters microbial community structure and overwhelms inter-individual differences in microbial gene expression. The animal-based diet increased the abundance of bile-tolerant microorganisms (Alistipes, Bilophila and Bacteroides) and decreased the levels of Firmicutes that metabolize dietary plant polysaccharides (Roseburia, Eubacterium rectale and Ruminococcus bromii). Microbial activity mirrored differences between herbivorous and carnivorous mammals, reflecting trade-offs between carbohydrate and protein fermentation. Foodborne microbes from both diets transiently colonized the gut, including bacteria, fungi and even viruses. Finally, increases in the abundance and activity of Bilophila wadsworthia on the animal-based diet support a link between dietary fat, bile acids and the outgrowth of microorganisms capable of triggering inflammatory bowel disease. In concert, these results demonstrate that the gut microbiome can rapidly respond to altered diet, potentially facilitating the diversity of human dietary lifestyles.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.