Trial reportNeuro-oncology2014
Heat-shock protein peptide complex-96 vaccination for recurrent glioblastoma: a phase II, single-arm trial.
Trial report in Neuro-oncology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00293423 (Phase I/II Trial of Heat Shock Protein Peptide Complex-96), which is not on this map. Cited by 156 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase I/II Trial of Heat Shock Protein Peptide Complex-96 (HSPPC-96) Vaccine for Patients With Recurrent High Grade Glioma
Who cites it
156 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 234 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of immunotherapy in high-grade glioma: learning from the past to shape future perspectives.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Pooled it
- Glioblastoma Immunotherapy: A Systematic Review of the Present Strategies and Prospects for Advancements.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Personalised therapeutic approaches to glioblastoma: A systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Impact of molecular and clinical variables on survival outcome with immunotherapy for glioblastoma patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Autologous Heat Shock Protein Peptide Vaccination for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: Impact of Peripheral PD-L1 Expression on Response to Therapy.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2017Trial
- Review
- Pembrolizumab, Temozolomide and HSPPC-96 Vaccine in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Post-Chemoradiation: Results from a Multi-institutional, Phase 2, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Evolving Landscape of Glioblastoma Research: Integrating Therapeutic Advances and Diagnostic Frontiers.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Disrupting PDGFRA-driven immune evasion in glioma: vaccine-based strategies on the horizon.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Emerging frontiers in glioma therapy: the evolving role of glioma vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Recurrent Glioblastoma and the Tumor Immune Landscape: Emerging Immunotherapeutic Strategies.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
- Biomarkers for predicting immunotherapy response and resistance in glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Combined Tumor Cell and Lysate-Based Vaccines for Immunotherapy of Primary and Recurrent Glioblastoma (GBM).Cancers · 2025Review
- GRP-based vaccines as a novel approach in cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, challenges, and prospects.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Review
- Biomarkers of immunotherapy response in neuro-oncology.Neuro-oncology advances · 2025Review
- Promising Cancer Vaccine for Glioblastoma Therapy: A Focus on mRNA Vaccine.Cancer medicine · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy for High-Grade Gliomas.Cancers · 2025Review
- Tumor-infiltrating and circulating B cells mediate local and systemic immunomodulatory mechanisms in Glioblastoma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio dynamics: prognostic value and potential for surveilling glioblastoma recurrence.BMC cancer · 2025Article
96 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOutcomes for patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are poor and may be improved by immunotherapy. We investigated the safety and efficacy of an autologous heat-shock protein peptide complex-96 (HSPPC-96) vaccine for patients with recurrent GBM.
methodsIn this open-label, single-arm, phase II study, adult patients with surgically resectable recurrent GBM were given vaccine after gross total resection. The primary endpoint was overall survival at 6 months. Secondary endpoints included overall survival, progression-free survival, safety, and immune profiling. Outcome analyses were performed in the intention-to-treat and efficacy populations.
resultsBetween October 3, 2007 and October 24, 2011, 41 patients underwent gross total resection of recurrent GBM and received a median of 6 doses of HSPPC-96 vaccine. Following treatment, 90.2% of patients were alive at 6 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 75.9-96.8) and 29.3% were alive at 12 months (95% CI: 16.6-45.7). Median overall survival was 42.6 weeks (95% CI: 34.7-50.5). Twenty-seven (66%) patients were lymphopenic prior to therapy, and patients with lymphocyte counts below the cohort median demonstrated decreased overall survival (hazard ratio: 4.0; 95% CI: 1.4-11.8; P = .012). There were no treatment-related deaths. There were 37 serious (grades 3-5) adverse events reported, with 17 attributable to surgical resection and a single grade 3 constitutional event related to the vaccine.
conclusionThe HSPPC-96 vaccine is safe and warrants further study of efficacy for the treatment of recurrent GBM. Significant pretreatment lymphopenia may impact the outcomes of immunotherapy and deserves additional investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.