ArticleNucleic acids research2014
The Transformer database: biotransformation of xenobiotics.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Stereoselective Biotransformation: Transfer of Learning to Advance Drug Metabolism and Biocatalysis.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Review
- Gut microbiome-mediated transformation of dietary phytonutrients is associated with health outcomes.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Pharmaco-Multiomics: A New Frontier in Precision Psychiatry.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- DrugCombo: an informatics bridge for anticancer drug combination Phase I trial design.Database : the journal of biological databases and curation · 2025Article
- Investigation ofComputational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024Review
- Human Cytochrome P450 Cancer-Related Metabolic Activities and Gene Polymorphisms: A Review.Cells · 2024Review
- VARIDT 3.0: the phenotypic and regulatory variability of drug transporter.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Biomarkers for the prediction and monitoring of the antipsychotic/antidepressant-induced hepatotoxicity: study protocol.Pharmacogenomics · 2024Article
- Genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of 7,302 human microorganisms for personalized medicine.Nature biotechnology · 2023Article
- In Vivo Metabolite Profiling of DMU-212 in ApcMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Natural products for infectious microbes and diseases: an overview of sources, compounds, and chemical diversities.Science China. Life sciences · 2022Review
- An approach for mixture testing and prioritization based on common kinetic groups.Archives of toxicology · 2022Article
- Man vs. machine: comparison of pharmacogenetic expert counselling with a clinical medication support system in a study with 200 genotyped patients.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Article
- DDInter: an online drug-drug interaction database towards improving clinical decision-making and patient safety.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- VARIDT 2.0: structural variability of drug transporter.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Review: Influence of the CYP450 Genetic Variation on the Treatment of Psychotic Disorders.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Biomolecule and Bioentity Interaction Databases in Systems Biology: A Comprehensive Review.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Applications and analytical tools of cell communication based on ligand-receptor interactions at single cell level.Cell & bioscience · 2021Review
- Psychoactive Medication, Violence, and Variant Alleles for Cytochrome P450 Genes.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As the number of prescribed drugs is constantly rising, drug-drug interactions are an important issue. The simultaneous administration of several drugs can cause severe adverse effects based on interactions with the same metabolizing enzyme(s). The Transformer database (http://bioinformatics.charite.de/transformer) contains integrated information on the three phases of biotransformation (modification, conjugation and excretion) of 3000 drugs and >350 relevant food ingredients (e.g. grapefruit juice) and herbs, which are catalyzed by 400 proteins. A total of 100,000 interactions were found through text mining and manual validation. The 3D structures of 200 relevant proteins are included. The database enables users to search for drugs with a visual display of known interactions with phase I (Cytochrome P450) and phase II enzymes, transporters, food and herbs. For each interaction, PubMed references are given. To detect mutual impairments of drugs, the drug-cocktail tool displays interactions between selected drugs. By choosing the indication for a drug, the tool offers suggestions for alternative medications to avoid metabolic conflicts. Drug interactions can also be visualized in an interactive network view. Additionally, prodrugs, including their mechanisms of activation, and further information on enzymes of biotransformation, including 3D models, can be viewed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.