SynthesisDeutsches Arzteblatt international2013
Headache in school children: prevalence and risk factors.
Synthesis in Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Headache in school children: is the prevalence increasing?Current pain and headache reports · 2015Pooled it
- Hypnotherapy or transcendental meditation versus progressive muscle relaxation exercises in the treatment of children with primary headaches: a multi-centre, pragmatic, randomised clinical study.European journal of pediatrics · 2019Trial
- Quality of life among pediatric and adolescent patients with migraine: A cross-sectional study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- The Temporal Associations of Neck Pain and Headache - Implications for the Diagnostic Approach to the Myofascial Involvement in Migraine.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2025Article
- [Interdisciplinary multimodal pain therapy in headache disorders].Schmerz (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Review
- Examining the Impact of Puberty on Primary Headache Disorders in Female Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2023Article
- Article
- Red flags Presented in Children Complaining of Headache in Paediatric Emergency Department.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Narrative review of the prevalence and distribution of acute pain in children in the self-care setting.Paediatric & neonatal pain · 2022Review
- Physical Activity and Recurrent Pain in Children and Adolescents in Germany-Results from the MoMo Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Functional improvement in children and adolescents with primary headache after an interdisciplinary multimodal therapy program: the DreKiP study.The journal of headache and pain · 2022Article
- 21st century headache: mapping new territory.The journal of headache and pain · 2021Article
- [Medical pain care for children and adolescents with chronic pain in Germany : An inventory].Schmerz (Berlin, Germany) · 2021Article
- Monitoring caffeine intake in children with a questionnaire and urine collection: a cross-sectional study in a convenience sample in Switzerland.European journal of nutrition · 2020Article
- Pediatric Migraine and Academics.Current pain and headache reports · 2020Review
- Prevalence and risk factors associated with headache amongst medical staff in South China.The journal of headache and pain · 2020Article
- HEADACHES IN ADOLESCENTS - FREQUENCY, RISK FACTORS AND OTHER HEALTH COMPLAINTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN CROATIA.Acta clinica Croatica · 2018Article
- A Modern Epidemic: Increasing Pediatric Emergency Department Visits and Admissions for Headache.Pediatric neurology · 2018Article
- Translation of the Child and Adolescent HARDSHIP (Headache-Attributed Restriction, Disability, Social Handicap and Impaired Participation) Questionnaire into the Lithuanian Language and Validation of Its HRQoL (Headache-Related Quality of Life) Scale.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- A pilot educational intervention for headache and concussion: The headache and arts program.Neurology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on bySchool headache.2014
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- Commented on byIn reply.2014
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRecurrent headache is a common problem in school children. Evaluation generally leads to the diagnosis of a primary headache syndrome (migraine or tension-type headache). This review is addressed to the question whether headaches in school children are becoming more common and, if so, what risk factors are associated with the rise in frequency.
methodWe selectively searched the PubMed database for pertinent publications that contained the terms "primary headache AND children/adolescent AND risk factors/prevalence." Articles published in either English or German up to April 2013 were considered. Articles on secondary types of headache were excluded.
resultsHeadaches are becoming more common among school children. At present, 66% to 71% of 12- to 15- year-olds have at least one headache every three months, and 33% to 40% have at least one per week. Headache is often accompanied by other physical and/or emotional manifestations. Studies from Scandinavia reveal increasing prevalence in age groups from 8 years of age and upward. Various studies have identified the following risk factors for headache or for its chronification (up to 5.8-fold elevation of risk): a dysfunctional family situation, the regular consumption of alcohol, caffeine ingestion, smoking, a low level of physical activity, physical or emotional abuse, bullying by peers, unfair treatment in school, and insufficient leisure time.
conclusionHeadaches are becoming more common among children and adolescents. They are often associated with other physical and emotional complaints.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.