ReviewCytokine & growth factor reviews2014
Extracellular regulation of VEGF: isoforms, proteolysis, and vascular patterning.
Review in Cytokine & growth factor reviews, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 144 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
144 citing papers in PubMed, 313 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synthetic Heparan Sulfate-like Oligosaccharides as Tools to Decipher Growth Factor Recognition.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Neuropilin‑1: Emerging roles in nerve‑vessel‑bone coupling during fracture repair (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Harnessing inter-spheroid spacing and structural connectivity to direct collective cell migration and host vessel integration in 3D engineered tissue.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Article
- Posttranslational modifications in regulating Notch signaling pathway and tumor angiogenesis: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic applications.Journal of molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- VEGF and Neurotrophins Interaction in the Retinal Neurovascular Unit Homeostasis: A Target for Ocular Disease Treatment and Management.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Review
- Transcriptional coordination in multicellular lineage differentiation during lung organogenesis: deciphering the role of epithelial cells as a microenvironmental regulatory hub.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Metformin-loaded J-AuPPS for infected diabetic wound treatment.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Endothelial plasticity as a continuum in the tumor microenvironment.Vascular biology (Bristol, England) · 2026Article
- Mathematical modeling and simulation of tumor-induced angiogenesis in retinal hemangioblastoma.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- A mechanistic computational model of HGF-VEGF-mediated endothelial cell proliferation and vascular permeability.iScience · 2025Article
- Impact of ligand binding on VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and NRP1 localization in human endothelial cells.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- PKN2 Inhibits VEGFA and bFGF-Mediated Angiogenesis by Targeting HIF-1α in Colon Cancer.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans: critical regulators in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and vascularized tissue engineering.Angiogenesis · 2025Review
- The role of VEGF in vascular dementia: impact of aging and cellular senescence.Biogerontology · 2025Review
- Understanding Neovascularization in Glioblastoma: Insights from the Current Literature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A multiple-crosslinked injectable hydrogel for modulating tissue microenvironment and accelerating infected diabetic wound repair.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Beyond vessels: unraveling the impact of VEGFs on neuronal functions and structure.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
- Vascular endothelial growth factor immunoexpression in oral paracoccidioidomycosis.Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal · 2025Article
- The role of MMPs in intracerebral hemorrhage.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
84 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) is critical to neovascularization in numerous tissues under physiological and pathological conditions. VEGF has multiple isoforms, created by alternative splicing or proteolytic cleavage, and characterized by different receptor-binding and matrix-binding properties. These isoforms are known to give rise to a spectrum of angiogenesis patterns marked by differences in branching, which has functional implications for tissues. In this review, we detail the extensive extracellular regulation of VEGF and the ability of VEGF to dictate the vascular phenotype. We explore the role of VEGF-releasing proteases and soluble carrier molecules on VEGF activity. While proteases such as MMP9 can 'release' matrix-bound VEGF and promote angiogenesis, for example as a key step in carcinogenesis, proteases can also suppress VEGF's angiogenic effects. We explore what dictates pro- or anti-angiogenic behavior. We also seek to understand the phenomenon of VEGF gradient formation. Strong VEGF gradients are thought to be due to decreased rates of diffusion from reversible matrix binding, however theoretical studies show that this scenario cannot give rise to lasting VEGF gradients in vivo. We propose that gradients are formed through degradation of sequestered VEGF. Finally, we review how different aspects of the VEGF signal, such as its concentration, gradient, matrix-binding, and NRP1-binding can differentially affect angiogenesis. We explore how this allows VEGF to regulate the formation of vascular networks across a spectrum of high to low branching densities, and from normal to pathological angiogenesis. A better understanding of the control of angiogenesis is necessary to improve upon limitations of current angiogenic therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.