Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24332657›Full record

ArticleBioorganic & medicinal chemistry2014

Identification of novel drug scaffolds for inhibition of SARS-CoV 3-Chymotrypsin-like protease using virtual and high-throughput screenings.

Hyun Lee, Anuradha Mittal, Kavankumar Patel, Joseph L Gatuz, Lena Truong, Jaime Torres, Debbie C Mulhearn, Michael E Johnson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Selective Degradation and Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 3CLInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Perspectives on SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2021
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Dimethyl sulfoxide reduces the stability but enhances catalytic activity of the main SARS-CoV-2 protease 3CLpro.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2021
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Hyun LeeCenter for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Avenue, M/C 870, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
Anuradha MittalCenter for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Avenue, M/C 870, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
Kavankumar PatelCenter for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Avenue, M/C 870, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
Joseph L GatuzCenter for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Avenue, M/C 870, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
Lena TruongCenter for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Avenue, M/C 870, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
Jaime TorresCenter for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Avenue, M/C 870, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
Debbie C MulhearnCenter for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Avenue, M/C 870, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
Michael E JohnsonCenter for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Avenue, M/C 870, Chicago, IL 60607, USA. Electronic address: mjohnson@uic.edu.

Funding

Protein Expression and PurificationP01AI060915 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI JOHNSON, MICHAEL E. · 2005 to 2009
$7.7M
Development of PLpro and 3CLpro Protease Inhibitors as Novel SARS TherapeuticsR56AI089535 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI JOHNSON, MICHAEL E. · 2010 to 2010
$1.5M
NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI060915NIAID NIH HHS P01AI60915NIAID NIH HHS R56 AI089535
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We have used a combination of virtual screening (VS) and high-throughput screening (HTS) techniques to identify novel, non-peptidic small molecule inhibitors against human SARS-CoV 3CLpro. A structure-based VS approach integrating docking and pharmacophore based methods was employed to computationally screen 621,000 compounds from the ZINC library. The screening protocol was validated using known 3CLpro inhibitors and was optimized for speed, improved selectivity, and for accommodating receptor flexibility. Subsequently, a fluorescence-based enzymatic HTS assay was developed and optimized to experimentally screen approximately 41,000 compounds from four structurally diverse libraries chosen mainly based on the VS results. False positives from initial HTS hits were eliminated by a secondary orthogonal binding analysis using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The campaign identified a reversible small molecule inhibitor exhibiting mixed-type inhibition with a K(i) value of 11.1 μM. Together, these results validate our protocols as suitable approaches to screen virtual and chemical libraries, and the newly identified compound reported in our study represents a promising structural scaffold to pursue for further SARS-CoV 3CLpro inhibitor development.

Indexed as

High-Throughput Screening AssaysHumansModels, MolecularMolecular StructureSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirusTissue EngineeringTissue Scaffolds3 Chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease3CL(pro)computational solvent mappingCSMDockingequilibrium dissociation constantfluorescence resonance energy transferFREThigh-throughput screeningHigh-throughput screeningHTSinhibition constantK(D)K(i)MDMLPCNmolecular dynamicsMolecular Libraries Probe Production Centers NetworkPharmacophore modelingreceiver operating characteristicRMSDROCroot mean square deviationSARS 3CL(pro)SARS-CoVSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirusSPRsurface plasmon resonanceSurface plasmon resonancevirtual screeningVirtual screeningVS

Identifiers

PMID24332657
PMCPMC3971864

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.