ArticleVeterinary parasitology2014
Genotyping Toxoplasma gondii from wildlife in Pennsylvania and identification of natural recombinants virulent to mice.
Article in Veterinary parasitology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Investigation of Virulence-Related Markers in Atypical Strains ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Isolation and Characterization of a ViablePathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Epidemiology and isolation of viableHeliyon · 2023Article
- Prevalence and genetic characterization ofJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2023Article
- Toxoplasma gondii SAG2, SAG3 and GRA6 alleles and single nucleotide polymorphism in congenital infections with known parasite load and clinical outcome.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2023Article
- Additional evidence of tigers (International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2022Article
- Unifying Virulence Evaluation inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Review
- Article
- Patterns of Exposure and Infection with Microparasites in Iberian Wild Carnivores: A Review and Meta-Analysis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Review
- In vivo and in vitro models show unexpected degrees of virulence among Toxoplasma gondii type II and III isolates from sheep.Veterinary research · 2021Article
- Isolation and characterization ofInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2020Article
- In Vivo and In Vitro Virulence Analysis of Four Genetically DistinctMicroorganisms · 2020Article
- White-tailed deer (Parasitology · 2020Article
- Immediate Interferon Gamma Induction Determines Murine Host Compatibility Differences between Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum.Infection and immunity · 2020Article
- Seroprevalence, DNA isolation, and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from black bear (Ursus americanus) sera collected in Eastern Oklahoma.Parasitology research · 2020Article
- Comparative virulence of Caribbean, Brazilian and European isolates of Toxoplasma gondii.Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
- Genetic diversity ofInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2018Article
- Genotyping of polymorphic effectors of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from China.Parasites & vectors · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Recent studies indicated the predominance of Toxoplasma gondii haplogroup 12 in wildlife in the USA. However, still little is known of the genetic diversity of this parasite circulating in wildlife. In the present study, we tested coyotes (Canis latrans), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and geese (Branta canadensis) from the state of Pennsylvania for T. gondii infection. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 160 of 367 animals, including 92 (34.5%) of 266 coyotes, 49 (62.0%) of 79 white-tailed deer, 17 (85.0%) of 20 red fox, and two of two Canada geese tested by the modified agglutination test (cut off titer 1:25). Tissues from 105 seropositive animals were bioassayed in mice, and viable T. gondii was isolated from 29 animals, including 10 of 53 coyotes, 11 of 16 foxes, 7 of 49 deer, and one of one goose. DNA isolated from culture-derived tachyzoites of these isolates was characterized initially using multilocus PCR-RFLP markers. Nine genotypes were revealed, including ToxoDB PCR-RFLP #1 (4 isolates), #2 (2 isolates), #3 (4 isolates), #4 (6 isolates), #5 (4 isolates), #54 (1 isolate), #141 (1 isolate), #143 (1 isolate), and #216 (6 isolates), indicating high genetic diversity of T. gondii in wildlife in Pennsylvania. Pathogenicity of six T. gondii isolates (5 of #216 and #141) was determined in outbred Swiss Webster mice. Three of #216 and the #141 isolates were acute virulent to mice, and the other 2 #216 isolates were intermediate virulent. To determine the extent of genetic variation of these as well as a few recently reported virulent isolates from wildlife in North America, intron sequences were generated. Analysis of intron sequences and PCR-RFLP genotyping results indicated that the #216 isolates are likely derived from recombination of the clonal type I and III lineages. To determine if T. gondii virulence can be predicted by typing, we genotyped a collection of strains using PCR-RFLP markers for polymorphic genes ROP5, ROP16, ROP18 and GRA15, which are known to interact with host immune response. The results showed that there is an association of genotypes of ROP5 and ROP18 with mouse-virulence, however, additional gene(s) may also contribute to virulence in distinct T. gondii genotypes.
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