ArticleBritish journal of pharmacology2014
Effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its main metabolites on cardiovascular function in conscious rats.
Article in British journal of pharmacology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Toxicokinetic Studies of the Two Stimulants M-ALPHA andMetabolites · 2026Article
- Novel Benzofuran Derivatives Induce Monoamine Release and Substitute for the Discriminative Stimulus Effects of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Article
- Balancing Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of MDMA and Novel MDXX Analogues as Novel Treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorder.Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2023Review
- Behavioral metabolomics: how behavioral data can guide metabolomics research on neuropsychiatric disorders.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2023Article
- Amphetamine-like Neurochemical and Cardiovascular Effects ofThe Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2021Article
- Methiopropamine and its acute behavioral effects in mice: is there a gray zone in new psychoactive substances users?International journal of legal medicine · 2020Article
- Cellular Uptake of Psychostimulants - Are High- and Low-Affinity Organic Cation Transporters Drug Traffickers?Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
- Metabolites of the ring-substituted stimulants MDMA, methylone and MDPV differentially affect human monoaminergic systems.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2019Article
- Acute MDMA and Nicotine Co-administration: Behavioral Effects and Oxidative Stress Processes in Mice.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2018Article
- Utility of Nonhuman Primates in Substance Use Disorders Research.ILAR journal · 2017Review
- Pharmacokinetic Profiles and Pharmacodynamic Effects for Methylone and Its Metabolites in Rats.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2017Article
- Neuropharmacology of 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), Its Metabolites, and Related Analogs.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2017Review
- Pharmacological mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular effects of the "bath salt" constituent 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV).British journal of pharmacology · 2016Article
- Phase I metabolites of mephedrone display biological activity as substrates at monoamine transporters.British journal of pharmacology · 2016Article
- Distribution of temperature changes and neurovascular coupling in rat brain following 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") exposure.NMR in biomedicine · 2015Article
- Changes in serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene expression in peripheral blood cells after MDMA intake.Psychopharmacology · 2015Article
- Article
- Binge Ethanol and MDMA Combination Exacerbates Toxic Cardiac Effects by Inducing Cellular Stress.PloS one · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeThe cardiovascular effects produced by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; 'Ecstasy') contribute to its acute toxicity, but the potential role of its metabolites in these cardiovascular effects is not known. Here we examined the effects of MDMA metabolites on cardiovascular function in rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Radiotelemetry was employed to evaluate the effects of s.c. administration of racemic MDMA and its phase I metabolites on BP, heart rate (HR) and locomotor activity in conscious male rats. KEY
resultsMDMA (1-20 mg·kg(-1)) produced dose-related increases in BP, HR and activity. The peak effects on HR occurred at a lower dose than peak effects on BP or activity. The N-demethylated metabolite, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), produced effects that mimicked those of MDMA. The metabolite 3,4-dihydroxymethamphetamine (HHMA; 1-10 mg·kg(-1)) increased HR more potently and to a greater extent than MDMA, whereas 3,4-dihydroxyamphetamine (HHA) increased HR, but to a lesser extent than HHMA. Neither dihydroxy metabolite altered motor activity. The metabolites 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyamphetamine (HMA) did not affect any of the parameters measured. The tachycardia produced by MDMA and HHMA was blocked by the β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Our results demonstrate that HHMA may contribute significantly to the cardiovascular effects of MDMA in vivo. As such, determining the molecular mechanism of action of HHMA and the other hydroxyl metabolites of MDMA warrants further study.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.