ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2014
Phase I trial of a recombinant yeast-CEA vaccine (GI-6207) in adults with metastatic CEA-expressing carcinoma.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral Administration of Probiotics Reduces Chemotherapy-Induced Diarrhea and Oral Mucositis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- A phase 2 study of GI-6207 in patients with recurrent medullary thyroid cancer.The oncologist · 2026Trial
- Pembrolizumab in recurrent or metastatic medullary thyroid cancer.The oncologist · 2025Trial
- Targeting Carcinoembryonic Antigen with DNA Vaccination: On-Target Adverse Events Link with Immunologic and Clinical Outcomes.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2016Trial
- The evolution of vaccine strategies for colorectal cancer: from conventional approaches to the mRNA era.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Harnessing live vectors for cancer vaccines: Advancing therapeutic immunotherapy.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Colorectal Cancer Vaccines: Emerging Modalities and Translational Opportunities.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Emerging Frontiers in Colorectal Cancer Therapy: From Targeted Molecules to Immunomodulatory Breakthroughs and Cell-Based Approaches.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2025Review
- Current and Future Trends of Colorectal Cancer Treatment: Exploring Advances in Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2024Review
- Carcinoembryonic antigen in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of focal liver lesions.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2024Article
- Harnessing Immunity to Treat Advanced Thyroid Cancer.Vaccines · 2023Review
- RNA Vaccines: Yeast as a Novel Antigen Vehicle.Vaccines · 2023Review
- CD276 as a Candidate Target for Immunotherapy in Medullary Thyroid Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy: State of the Art and Future Directions.Gastro hep advances · 2023Article
- Standardization and Key Aspects of the Development of Whole Yeast Cell Vaccines.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- A Brief Introduction to Current Cancer Gene Therapy.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Integrated analysis of transcription factor-mRNA-miRNA regulatory network related to immune characteristics in medullary thyroid carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Colorectal cancer vaccines: The current scenario and future prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- A review on the advances and challenges of immunotherapy for head and neck cancer.Cancer cell international · 2021Review
- New Horizons: Emerging Therapies and Targets in Thyroid Cancer.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Yeast-CEA (GI-6207) is a therapeutic cancer vaccine genetically modified to express recombinant carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) protein, using heat-killed yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a vector. In preclinical studies, yeast-CEA induced a strong immune response to CEA and antitumor responses. Patients received subcutaneous vaccines every 2 weeks for 3 months and then monthly. Patients were enrolled at 3 sequential dose levels: 4, 16, and 40 yeast units (10(7) yeast particles/unit). Eligible patients were required to have serum CEA > 5 ng/mL or > 20 % CEA(+) tumor block, ECOG PS 0-2, and no history of autoimmunity. Restaging scans were performed at 3 months and then bimonthly. Peripheral blood was collected for the analysis of immune response (e.g., by ELISPOT assay). Twenty-five patients with metastatic CEA-expressing carcinomas were enrolled. Median patient age was 52 (range 39-81). A total of 135 vaccines were administered. The vaccine was well tolerated, and the most common adverse event was grade 1/2 injection-site reaction. Five patients had stable disease beyond 3 months (range 3.5-18 months), and each had CEA stabilization while on-study. Some patients showed evidence post-vaccination of increases in antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells and CD4(+) T lymphocytes and decreases in regulatory T cells. Of note, a patient with medullary thyroid cancer had substantial T cell responses and a vigorous inflammatory reaction at sites of metastatic disease. Yeast-CEA vaccination had minimal toxicity and induced some antigen-specific T cell responses and CEA stabilization in a heterogeneous, heavily pre-treated patient population. Further studies are required to determine the clinical benefit of yeast-CEA vaccination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.