ArticleJournal of public health (Oxford, England)2014
Completeness and usability of ethnicity data in UK-based primary care and hospital databases.
Article in Journal of public health (Oxford, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 229 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
229 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Five comparative cohorts to assess the risk of genital tract infections associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors initiation in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2022Pooled it
- Renal effectiveness and safety of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: a population-based cohort study.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2021Pooled it
- Ethnic Inequalities in Healthcare Use and Care Quality among People with Multiple Long-Term Health Conditions Living in the United Kingdom: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Association between clinically recorded alcohol consumption and initial presentation of 12 cardiovascular diseases: population based cohort study using linked health records.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2017Trial
- Risk of mortality after emergency department presentation for self-harm among children and adolescents in Wales: a population-based cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Atopic dermatitis is associated with herpes zoster in adults - A matched cohort study using electronic health records data in England.Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG · 2026Article
- Development and external validation of a risk prediction tool for recurrent wheeze attacks in preschool children in England.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Antidepressant Use During Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes: Analysis From the UK, Norway, and Sweden.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2026Article
- Cardiometabolic factors and risk of dementia in people with type 2 diabetes in England: a large retrospective cohort study.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2026Article
- Using classification and regression trees (CART) to investigate unknown ethnicity records in NHS emergency care data.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Article
- Recalibration and external validation of vascular risk calculators for multiple sclerosis: A population-based study using CPRD data in England, 1987-2023.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Article
- Persistent health inequalities over 20 years among adults with intellectual disabilities who display behaviours that challenge: evidence from English primary care records.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Ethnic differences in Long COVID diagnosed in primary care in England (2020-2022): an observational cohort study using OpenSAFELY.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Validation of an algorithm for selection of SGLT2 and DPP4 inhibitor therapies in people with type 2 diabetes across major UK ethnicity groups: a retrospective cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Ethnic differences in the comparative effectiveness of second-line type 2 diabetes medications in preventing cardiovascular disease.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Assessing ethnic inequalities in diagnostic intervals of breast cancer among patients presenting symptoms to general practitioners in England.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- New Zealand Electronic Health Data for Cardiovascular Research: A Review.Clinical epidemiology · 2026Review
- Recording of wider determinants of health in UK primary care using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) databases, a descriptive cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
169 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEthnicity recording across the National Health Service (NHS) has improved dramatically over the past decade. This study profiles the completeness, consistency and representativeness of routinely collected ethnicity data in both primary care and hospital settings.
methodsCompleteness and consistency of ethnicity recording was examined in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and Hospital Episode Statistics (HES), and the ethnic breakdown of the CPRD was compared with that of the 2011 UK censuses.
results27.1% of all patients in the CPRD (1990-2012) have ethnicity recorded. This proportion rises to 78.3% for patients registered since April 2006. The ethnic breakdown of the CPRD is comparable to the UK censuses. 79.4% of HES inpatients, 46.8% of outpatients and 26.8% of A&E patients had their ethnicity recorded. Amongst those with ethnicity recorded on >1 occasion, consistency was over 90% in all data sets except for HES inpatients. Combining CPRD and HES increased completeness to 97%, with 85% of patients having the same ethnicity recorded in both databases.
conclusionsUsing CPRD ethnicity from 2006 onwards maximizes completeness and comparability with the UK population. High concordance within and across NHS sources suggests these data are of high value when examining the continuum of care. Poor completeness and consistency of A&E and outpatient data render these sources unreliable.
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