ReviewNature reviews. Urology2014
Fowler's syndrome--a cause of unexplained urinary retention in young women?
Review in Nature reviews. Urology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain activation during the voiding phase of micturition in healthy adults: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies.Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.) · 2019Pooled it
- Predictors of successful outcomes of urethral sphincter botox injection in women with non-neurogenic voiding dysfunction.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- A Non-spinal Neural Circuit for Transmitting Information of Bladder Conditions.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Chronic idiopathic urinary retention and Fowler's syndrome in women: A multidisciplinary framework for assessment and nonsurgical management.BJUI compass · 2026Review
- Clinical efficacy and urodynamic predictors of successful treatment outcomes following urethral sphincter botulinum toxin A injection in women with non-spinal cord neurogenic voiding dysfunction.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Low-frequency tibial nerve stimulation: demonstrating a novel therapeutic option for Fowler's syndrome through a pilot case series.Frontiers in urology · 2026Article
- Sacral neuromodulation for the treatment of idiopathic non-obstructive urinary retention: A long-term follow-up case report.Surgical neurology international · 2026Article
- Applications of pelvic neurophysiology testing in clinical practice.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2026Review
- Advancing women's health: innovative applications of sacral neuromodulation in pelvic floor dysfunctions.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Review
- Enkephalinergic Neurons in Barrington's Nucleus Gate Sex-Specific Control of Micturition.Research square · 2025Article
- Videourodynamics - role, benefits and optimal practice.Nature reviews. Urology · 2025Review
- Fowler syndrome post liposculpture and augmentation mammoplasty: Case report and literature review.JPRAS open · 2024Article
- High Prevalence of Psychological Comorbidities and Functional Neurological Symptoms in Women With Urinary Retention.The Journal of urology · 2024Article
- Sacral Neuromodulation in Pregnant Women-A Case Report and Literature Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Dysfunctional voiding behavior and impaired muscle contractility in a rat model of detrusor underactivity.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2021Article
- Fowler's Syndrome-The Cause of Urinary Retention in Young Women, Often Forgotten, but Significant and Challenging to Treat.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- "Dysautonomia": a plea for precision.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2021Article
- Bladder underactivity induced by prolonged pudendal afferent activity in cats.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2021Article
- Mechanism of Action of Botulinum Toxin A in Treatment of Functional Urological Disorders.Toxins · 2020Review
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Urinary retention in women is an uncommon and poorly understood condition. In 1986, Fowler and colleagues described a syndrome in young women with unexplained urinary retention associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. The underlying abnormality was a poorly relaxing external urethral sphincter that when studied using concentric needle electromyography showed a distinct abnormal pattern suggesting direct spread of impulses between muscle fibres. These findings were subsequently reproduced by other researchers and in larger patient cohorts, but remain the subject of much debate. A poorly relaxing sphincter is thought to cause increased urethral afferent activity, which inhibits bladder afferent signalling leading to poor bladder sensation and detrusor underactivity. Most studies of Fowler's syndrome are limited due to small cohorts with no control group and a lack of videourodynamic data. Whether Fowler's syndrome represents a distinct cause of urinary retention or results from a maladaptive behaviour and is similar to dysfunctional voiding is unclear. Application of sacral neuromodulation in patients diagnosed with Fowler's syndrome can restore normal voiding, in the absence of any effective pharmacotherapy or surgical treatment.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.