ArticleWater research2014
Screening level mixture risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in STP effluents.
Article in Water research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Risk assessment of a mixture of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in thermal waters of Kütahya, Türkiye.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2026Article
- Challenging Additivity: Comparing Predicted and Observed AhR Activity of Polycyclic Aromatic Compound (PAC) Mixtures Containing Active and Inactive Constituents.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Exposure to marine contaminant mixtures with different toxicity drivers reduces microzooplankton diversity.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2025Article
- Spatially and Seasonally Resolved Predictions Reveal Widespread Ecotoxicological Risk from Pharmaceutical Mixtures in German (Saxon) Rivers.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Article
- Integrated Exposure and Algal Ecotoxicological Assessments of Effluents from Secondary and Advanced-Tertiary Wastewater-Treatment Plants.Environmental toxicology and chemistry · 2022Article
- Retrospective cumulative dietary risk assessment of craniofacial alterations by residues of pesticides.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2022Article
- Chronic Effects of Carbamazepine, Progesterone and Their Mixtures at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations on Biochemical Markers of Zebrafish (Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- It More than Adds Up: Interaction of Antibiotic Mixing and Temperature.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Emission and ecological risk of pharmaceuticals and personal care products affected by tourism in Sanya City, China.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2021Article
- Assessment of multiclass pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in hospital WWTP influent and effluent samples by UHPLC-Orbitrap MS: Temporal variation, removals and environmental risk assessment.Environmental research · 2020Article
- Occurrence, environmental implications and risk assessment of Bisphenol A in association with colloidal particles in an urban tropical river in Malaysia.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Screening-Level Estimates of Environmental Release Rates, Predicted Exposures, and Toxic Pressures of Currently Used Chemicals.Environmental toxicology and chemistry · 2020Article
- Concerted Efforts Are Needed to Control and Mitigate Antibiotic Pollution in Coastal Waters of China.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- TiOMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Application of new statistical distribution approaches for environmental mixture risk assessment: A case study.The Science of the total environment · 2019Article
- Occurrence, Distribution and Ecological Risk of Bisphenol Analogues in the Surface Water from a Water Diversion Project in Nanjing, China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Current EU research activities on combined exposure to multiple chemicals.Environment international · 2018Review
- Occurrence and distribution of antibiotics in surface water impacted by crab culturing: a case study of Lake Guchenghu, China.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2018Article
- Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in a Large, Highly Polluted Freshwater Lake, China: Occurrence, Fate, and Risk Assessment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
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2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We modeled the ecotoxicological risks of the pharmaceutical mixtures emitted from STP effluents into the environment. The classic mixture toxicity concept of Concentration Addition was used to calculate the total expected risk of the analytically determined mixtures, compare the expected impact of seven effluent streams and pinpoint the most sensitive group of species. The risk quotient of a single, randomly selected pharmaceutical is often more than a factor of 1000 lower than the mixture risk, clearly indicating the need to systematically analyse the overall risk of all pharmaceuticals present. The MCR, which is the ratio between the most risky compound and the total mixture risk, varies between 1.2 and 4.2, depending on the actual scenario and species group under consideration. The mixture risk quotients, based on acute data and an assessment factor of 1000, regularly exceed 1, indicating a potential risk for the environment, depending on the dilution in the recipient stream. The top 10 mixture components explain more than 95% of the mixture risk in all cases. A mixture toxicity assessment cannot go beyond the underlying single substance data. The lack of data on the chronic toxicity of most pharmaceuticals as well as the very few data available for in vivo fish toxicity has to be regarded as a major knowledge gap in this context. On the other hand, ignoring Independent Action or even using the sum of individual risk quotients as a rough approximation of Concentration Addition does not have a major impact on the final risk estimate.
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