Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24320447›Full record

ArticleMedical physics2013

CONRAD--a software framework for cone-beam imaging in radiology.

Andreas Maier, Hannes G Hofmann, Martin Berger, Peter Fischer, Chris Schwemmer, Haibo Wu, Kerstin Müller, Joachim Hornegger, Jang-Hwan Choi, Christian Riess and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Medical physics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Symmetry prior for epipolar consistency.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2019
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Traditional machine learning for limited angle tomography.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2019
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Improved reconstruction of phase-stepping data for Talbot-Lau x-ray imaging.Journal of medical imaging (Bellingham, Wash.) · 2017
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Estimating FLEimage distributions of manual fiducial localization in CT images.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2016
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Andreas MaierDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305.
Hannes G Hofmann
Martin Berger
Peter Fischer
Chris Schwemmer
Haibo Wu
Kerstin Müller
Joachim Hornegger
Jang-Hwan Choi
Christian Riess
Andreas Keil
Rebecca Fahrig

Funding

Weight-Bearing Imaging of the Knee Using C-Arm CTR01AR065248 · NIAMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI GOLD, GARRY E · 2015 to 2018
$2.0M
C-Arm CT for Guidence of Cardiac InterventionsR01HL087917 · NHLBI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI FAHRIG, REBECCA · 2009 to 2010
$1.5M
Improved C-Arm CT for Interventional ProceduresR01EB003524 · NIBIB · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI FAHRIG, REBECCA · 2004 to 2006
$1.2M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL087917NHLBI NIH HHS R01HL087917NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR065248NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB003524NIBIB NIH HHS R01EB003524
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeIn the community of x-ray imaging, there is a multitude of tools and applications that are used in scientific practice. Many of these tools are proprietary and can only be used within a certain lab. Often the same algorithm is implemented multiple times by different groups in order to enable comparison. In an effort to tackle this problem, the authors created CONRAD, a software framework that provides many of the tools that are required to simulate basic processes in x-ray imaging and perform image reconstruction with consideration of nonlinear physical effects.

methodsCONRAD is a Java-based state-of-the-art software platform with extensive documentation. It is based on platform-independent technologies. Special libraries offer access to hardware acceleration such as OpenCL. There is an easy-to-use interface for parallel processing. The software package includes different simulation tools that are able to generate up to 4D projection and volume data and respective vector motion fields. Well known reconstruction algorithms such as FBP, DBP, and ART are included. All algorithms in the package are referenced to a scientific source.

resultsA total of 13 different phantoms and 30 processing steps have already been integrated into the platform at the time of writing. The platform comprises 74.000 nonblank lines of code out of which 19% are used for documentation. The software package is available for download at http://conrad.stanford.edu. To demonstrate the use of the package, the authors reconstructed images from two different scanners, a table top system and a clinical C-arm system. Runtimes were evaluated using the RabbitCT platform and demonstrate state-of-the-art runtimes with 2.5 s for the 256 problem size and 12.4 s for the 512 problem size.

conclusionsAs a common software framework, CONRAD enables the medical physics community to share algorithms and develop new ideas. In particular this offers new opportunities for scientific collaboration and quantitative performance comparison between the methods of different groups.

Indexed as

Cone-Beam Computed TomographyAlgorithmsComputer GraphicsComputersComputer SimulationEquipment DesignFour-Dimensional Computed TomographyHumansImage Processing, Computer-AssistedMotionPhantoms, ImagingProgramming LanguagesRadiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-AssistedSoftwareUser-Computer Interface

Identifiers

PMID24320447
PMCPMC3820625

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.