ArticleNeurochemical research2014
Probenecid protects against transient focal cerebral ischemic injury by inhibiting HMGB1 release and attenuating AQP4 expression in mice.
Article in Neurochemical research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dual role for pannexin 1 at synapses: regulating functional and morphological plasticity.The Journal of physiology · 2025Review
- Pericyte pannexin1 controls cerebral capillary diameter and supports memory function.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Aquaporins in Acute Brain Injury: Insights from Clinical and Experimental Studies.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Baicalin, Amoxicillin, and Probenecid Provide Protection in Mice AgainstBiomolecules · 2025Article
- Role of astrocytes connexins - pannexins in acute brain injury.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Review
- Effects of Acute Probenecid Administration on Histopathological and Functional Outcomes after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats.Neurotrauma reports · 2025Article
- Non-coding RNAs and Aquaporin 4: Their Role in the Pathogenesis of Neurological Disorders.Neurochemical research · 2024Review
- Neuroinflammatory Biomarkers in the Brain, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Blood After Ischemic Stroke.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- QHRD106 ameliorates ischemic stroke injury as a long-acting tissue kallikrein preparation.iScience · 2023Article
- Role of alarmins in poststroke inflammation and neuronal repair.Seminars in immunopathology · 2023Review
- Novel insight into cGAS-STING pathway in ischemic stroke: from pre- to post-disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- NOX2-mediated reactive oxygen species are double-edged swords in focal cerebral ischemia in mice.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Pannexin1 channels-a potential therapeutic target in inflammation.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Probenecid-Blocked Pannexin-1 Channel Protects Against Early Brain InjuryFrontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Pannexin 1 as a driver of inflammation and ischemia-reperfusion injury.Purinergic signalling · 2021Review
- Article
- Disorder Genes Regulate the Progression of Ischemic Stroke through the NF-BioMed research international · 2021Article
- Progesterone Attenuates Stress-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Enhances Autophagy following Ischemic Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Blocking pannexin1 reduces airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma.American journal of translational research · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Stroke results in inflammation, brain edema, and neuronal death. However, effective neuroprotectants are not available. Recent studies have shown that high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes to ischemic brain injury. Aquaporin 4 (AQP4), a water channel protein, is considered to play a pivotal role in ischemia-induced brain edema. More recently, studies have shown that pannexin 1 channels are involved in cerebral ischemic injury and the cellular inflammatory response. Here, we examined whether the pannexin 1 channel inhibitor probenecid could reduce focal ischemic brain injury by inhibiting cerebral inflammation and edema. Transient focal ischemia was induced in C57BL/6J mice by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1 h. Infarct volume, neurological score and cerebral water content were evaluated 48 h after MCAO. Immunostaining, western blot analysis and ELISA were used to assess the effects of probenecid on the cellular inflammatory response, HMGB1 release and AQP4 expression. Administration of probenecid reduced infarct size, decreased cerebral water content, inhibited neuronal death, and reduced inflammation in the brain 48 h after stroke. In addition, HMGB1 release from neurons was significantly diminished and serum HMGB1 levels were substantially reduced following probenecid treatment. Moreover, AQP4 protein expression was downregulated in the cortical penumbra following post-stroke treatment with probenecid. These results suggest that probenecid, a powerful pannexin 1 channel inhibitor, protects against ischemic brain injury by inhibiting cerebral inflammation and edema.
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Registered trials
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