ArticleJournal of bacteriology2014
Cell growth inhibition upon deletion of four toxin-antitoxin loci from the megaplasmids of Sinorhizobium meliloti.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis by Sinorhizobium meliloti drives a host-specific collapse in symbiosis with Medicago sativa.Research square · 2025Article
- Unexpected modulation of Hna phage defense activity by the symbiotic regulator NolR.Journal of bacteriology · 2025Article
- Mobile gene clusters and coexpressed plant-rhizobium pathways drive partner quality variation in symbiosis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- A minimized symbiotic gene set from the 1.68 Mb pSymB chromid of Sinorhizobium meliloti reveals auxiliary symbiotic loci.BMC biology · 2025Article
- Recent Advances in Genetic Engineering Strategies ofACS synthetic biology · 2024Review
- Toxin-mediated depletion of NAD and NADP drives persister formation in a human pathogen.The EMBO journal · 2024Article
- A hybrid RNA-protein biosensor for high-throughput screening of adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2024Article
- Article
- CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing in Paenibacillus polymyxa.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Bacterial genome reductions: Tools, applications, and challenges.Frontiers in genome editing · 2022Review
- The Mesorhizobium huakuii transcriptional regulator AbiEi plays a critical role in nodulation and is important for bacterial stress response.BMC microbiology · 2021Article
- Phylogeny Reveals Novel HipA-Homologous Kinase Families and Toxin-Antitoxin Gene Organizations.mBio · 2021Article
- Minimal gene set fromProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Highly Efficient CRISPR-Mediated Base Editing inFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- An NADMolecular cell · 2019Article
- ParST is a widespread toxin-antitoxin module that targets nucleotide metabolism.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Characterization of HicAB toxin-antitoxin module of Sinorhizobium meliloti.BMC microbiology · 2019Article
- Molecular Weapons Contribute to Intracellular Rhizobia Accommodation Within Legume Host Cell.Frontiers in plant science · 2019Review
- Inter-replicon Gene Flow Contributes to Transcriptional Integration in theG3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2018Article
- Article
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4 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toxin and antitoxin (TA) gene pairs are addiction systems that are present in many microbial genomes. Sinorhizobium meliloti is an N2-fixing bacterial symbiont of alfalfa and other leguminous plants, and its genome consists of three large replicons, a circular chromosome (3.7 Mb) and the megaplasmids pSymA (1.4 Mb) and pSymB (1.7 Mb). S. meliloti carries 211 predicted type II TA genes, each encoding a toxin or an antitoxin. We constructed defined deletion strains that collectively removed the entire pSymA and pSymB megaplasmids except for their oriV regions. Of approximately 100 TA genes on pSymA and pSymB, we identified four whose loss was associated with cell death or stasis unless copies of the genes were supplied in trans. Orthologs of three of these loci have been characterized in other organisms (relB/E [sma0471/sma0473], Fic [DOC] [sma2105], and VapC [PIN] [orf2230/sma2231]), and this report contains the first experimental proof that RES/Xre (smb21127/smb21128) loci can function as a TA system. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis did not reveal transcriptional differences between the TA systems to account for why deletion of the four "active" systems resulted in cell toxicity. These data suggest that severe cell growth phenotypes result from the loss of a few TA systems and that loss of most TA systems may result in more subtle phenotypes. These four TA systems do not appear to play a direct role in the S. meliloti-alfalfa symbiosis, as strains lacking these TA systems had a symbiotic N2 fixation phenotype that was indistinguishable from the wild type.
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