ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2014
High salinity alters the germination behavior of Bacillus subtilis spores with nutrient and nonnutrient germinants.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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21 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbial community shifts during salt mitigation treatments of historic buildings using mineral poultices: a long-term monitoring of salt and associated biofilms.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Adaptive laboratory evolution for improved tolerance of vitamin K in Bacillus subtilis.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Deciphering the influence of NaCl on social behaviour ofRoyal Society open science · 2024Article
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- Proteomic Response ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Effect of aFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Effects of Heavy Ion Particle Irradiation on Spore Germination ofLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Analysis of tRNAF1000Research · 2020Article
- Electrical Polarization Enables Integrative Quality Control during Bacterial Differentiation into Spores.iScience · 2019Article
- Effects of Calcium and Manganese on Sporulation ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Building of Pressure-Assisted Ultra-High Temperature System and Its Inactivation of Bacterial Spores.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Bacterial Endospores as Phage Genome Carriers and Protective Shells.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2018Article
- Experimental studies addressing the longevity of Bacillus subtilis spores - The first data from a 500-year experiment.PloS one · 2018Article
- Detection of Bacillus anthracis spores from environmental water using bioluminescent reporter phage.Journal of applied microbiology · 2017Article
- Spore Heat Activation Requirements and Germination Responses Correlate with Sequences of Germinant Receptors and with the Presence of a SpecificApplied and environmental microbiology · 2017Article
- Silicates Eroded under Simulated Martian Conditions Effectively Kill Bacteria-A Challenge for Life on Mars.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- High Tolerance ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Activation and inactivation of Bacillus pumilus spores by kiloelectron volt X-ray irradiation.PloS one · 2017Article
- Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes duringFrontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
- Involvement of Coat Proteins in Bacillus subtilis Spore Germination in High-Salinity Environments.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The effect of high NaCl concentrations on nutrient and nonnutrient germination of Bacillus subtilis spores was systematically investigated. Under all conditions, increasing NaCl concentrations caused increasing, albeit reversible, inhibition of germination. High salinity delayed and increased the heterogeneity of germination initiation, slowed the germination kinetics of individual spores and the whole spore population, and decreased the overall germination efficiency, as observed by a variety of different analytical techniques. Germination triggered by nutrients which interact with different germinant receptors (GRs) was affected differently by NaCl, suggesting that GRs are targets of NaCl inhibition. However, NaCl also inhibited GR-independent germination, suggesting that there is at least one additional target for NaCl inhibition. Strikingly, a portion of the spore population could initiate germination with l-alanine even at NaCl concentrations near saturation (∼5.4 M), suggesting that spores lack a salt-sensing system preventing them from germinating in a hostile high-salinity environment. Spores that initiated germination at very high NaCl concentrations excreted their large depot of Ca(2+)-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid and lost their heat resistance, but they remained in a phase-gray state in the phase-contrast microscope, suggesting that there was incomplete germination. However, some metabolic activity could be detected at up to 4.8 M NaCl. Overall, high salinity seems to exert complex effects on spore germination and outgrowth whose detailed elucidation in future investigations could give valuable insights on these processes in general.
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