ArticleCell metabolism2013
Glutamate mediates the function of melanocortin receptor 4 on Sim1 neurons in body weight regulation.
Article in Cell metabolism, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Hypothalamic Inhibitory Circuit Encoding the Scalability of Stress Responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Primary cilia and neural computation.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- Genetic variability in the leptin-melanocortin pathway and its role in weight loss.Molecular metabolism · 2026Review
- Selective and differential roles of PVHNature communications · 2026Article
- Dopaminergic neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamus extend the food consumption phase.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Paraventricular hypothalamic RUVBL2 neurons suppress appetite by enhancing excitatory synaptic transmission in distinct neurocircuits.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Neural circuits regulation of satiation.Appetite · 2024Review
- SH2B1 Defends Against Energy Imbalance, Obesity, and Metabolic Disease via a Paraventricular Hypothalamus→Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Neurocircuit.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Cell-specific regulation of the circadian clock by BMAL1 in the paraventricular nucleus: Implications for regulation of systemic biological rhythms.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Glutamatergic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus participate in the regulation of visceral pain induced by pancreatic cancer in mice.Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition · 2024Article
- Ghrelin Action in the PVH of Male Mice: Accessibility, Neuronal Targets, and CRH Neurons Activation.Endocrinology · 2023Article
- Lateral septum as a melanocortin downstream site in obesity development.Cell reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Brown Adipose Tissue-A Translational Perspective.Endocrine reviews · 2023Review
- Melanocortin 4 receptor signaling in Sim1 neurons permits sexual receptivity in female mice.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Excitatory neurons in paraventricular hypothalamus contributed to the mechanism underlying acupuncture regulating the swallowing function.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Distinct Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Inputs to the Cingulate Cortex and Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus Modulate Anxiety and Arousal.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Article
- Deciphering an AgRP-serotoninergic neural circuit in distinct control of energy metabolism from feeding.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Paraventricular Calcitonin Receptor-Expressing Neurons Modulate Energy Homeostasis in Male Mice.Endocrinology · 2021Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) is a well-established mediator of body weight homeostasis. However, the neurotransmitter(s) that mediate MC4R function remain largely unknown; as a result, little is known about the second-order neurons of the MC4R neural pathway. Single-minded 1 (Sim1)-expressing brain regions, which include the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVH), represent key brain sites that mediate melanocortin action. We conditionally restored MC4R expression in Sim1 neurons in the background of Mc4r-null mice. The restoration dramatically reduced obesity in Mc4r-null mice. The anti-obesity effect was completely reversed by selective disruption of glutamate release from those same Sim1 neurons. The reversal was caused by lower energy expenditure and hyperphagia. Corroboratively, selective disruption of glutamate release from adult PVH neurons led to rapid obesity development via reduced energy expenditure and hyperphagia. Thus, this study establishes glutamate as the primary neurotransmitter that mediates MC4Rs on Sim1 neurons in body weight regulation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.