ReviewBest practice & research. Clinical rheumatology2013
Long-term use of opioids for complex chronic pain.
Review in Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effects of Opioid Taper on Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia
Assessing the Impact of Prophylactic Targeted Brain Rehabilitation (TBR) on Phantom Limb Pain in the Perioperative Period Following Major Amputation, A Prospective Study
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Executive summary of the guideline for prescribing opioid analgesics for chronic non-cancer pain (third edition) by the Japan Society of Pain Clinicians.Journal of anesthesia · 2025Guideline
- Long-term opioid therapy definitions and predictors: A systematic review.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2020Pooled it
- Review
- Incidence and duration of hospital-initiated opioids, benzodiazepines and antipsychotics: a retrospective cohort study.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2026Article
- Pain medication use in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia treated with burosumab: a retrospective real-world study.JBMR plus · 2026Article
- Article
- Does opioid therapy enhance quality of life in patients suffering from chronic non-malignant pain? A systematic review and meta-analysis.British journal of pain · 2024Article
- Article
- Duloxetine and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Phone-based Support for the Treatment of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Study Protocol of the PRECICE Randomized Control Trial.Research square · 2024Article
- Burden of Chronic and Heavy Opioid Use Among Elderly Community Dwellers in the U.S.AJPM focus · 2024Article
- Precision, integrative medicine for pain management in sickle cell disease.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Spinal Cord Stimulation to Treat Unresponsive Cancer Pain: A Possible Solution in Palliative Oncological Therapy.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
- Opioid Receptor-Mediated Regulation of Neurotransmission in the Brain.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Prevalence of long-term opioid therapy in spine center outpatients the spinal pain opioid cohort (SPOC).European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2021Article
- The association between the supply of select nonpharmacologic providers for pain and use of nonpharmacologic pain management services and initial opioid prescribing patterns for Medicare beneficiaries with persistent musculoskeletal pain.Health services research · 2021Article
- Long-term Opioids Linked to Hypogonadism and the Role of Testosterone Supplementation Therapy.Cureus · 2020Review
- Long-Term Opioid Therapy in Spine Center Outpatients: Protocol for the Spinal Pain Opioid Cohort (SPOC) Study.JMIR research protocols · 2020Article
- Long-term use of hydrocodone vs. oxycodone in primary care.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Article
- Withdrawing attempt and its related factors among Iranian substance users: a case-control study.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
Increased opioid prescribing for back pain and other chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions has been accompanied by dramatic increases in prescription-opioid addiction and fatal overdose. Opioid-related risks appear to increase with dose. Although short-term randomised trials of opioids for chronic pain have found modest analgesic benefits (a one-third reduction in pain intensity on average), the long-term safety and effectiveness of opioids for chronic musculoskeletal pain remains unknown. Given the lack of large, long-term randomised trials, recent epidemiologic data suggest the need for caution when considering long-term use of opioids to manage chronic musculoskeletal pain, particularly at higher dosage levels. Principles for achieving more selective and cautious use of opioids for chronic musculoskeletal pain are proposed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.