ArticleOphthalmology2014
Associations between health-related quality of life and the decision to perform surgery for childhood intermittent exotropia.
Article in Ophthalmology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- A randomized trial comparing part-time patching with observation for children 3 to 10 years of age with intermittent exotropia.Ophthalmology · 2014Trial
- Health-related quality of life of children with strabismus.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Article
- Reading ability in children with intermittent exotropia and its association with binocular visual function and visual information processing capability.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Strabismus management in retinoblastoma survivors.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Factors Associated with Surgical Outcomes after Bilateral Lateral Rectus Recession in Children with Intermittent Exotropia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Health-related quality of life and anxiety associated with childhood intermittent exotropia before and after surgical correction.BMC ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Influence of intermittent exotropia surgery on general health-related quality of life: different perception by children and parents.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Surgical management of intermittent exotropia: do we have an answer for all?BMJ open ophthalmology · 2019Review
- Evaluation of dynamic stereopsis in intermittent exotropia patients.International journal of ophthalmology · 2019Article
- Exotropia Is the Main Pattern of Childhood Strabismus Surgery in the South of China: A Six-Year Clinical Review.Journal of ophthalmology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess associations between health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and the decision to perform strabismus surgery for children with intermittent exotropia.
designRetrospective chart review.
participantsChildren with intermittent exotropia.
methodsIncluded subjects, identified in a clinical practice, had assessment of HRQOL using the intermittent exotropia questionnaire (IXTQ), comprising child, proxy, and parent components (parent domains: function, psychosocial, and surgery). The IXTQ scores were evaluated for association with surgery, along with standard clinical measures: prism and alternate cover test (PACT), stereoacuity, and control score (mean of the 3 most recent scores). Included data were from preoperative examination (surgical cohort) or from most recent follow-up examination (nonsurgical cohort). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed, and relative risk (RR) ratios were calculated. Spearman rank correlations were calculated to identify highly correlated items.
main outcome measuresAssociation of individual factors with the decision to perform surgery, calculated using RR ratios.
resultsOne hundred six children with intermittent exotropia (median age, 6 years; range, 2-16 years) were eligible for inclusion. Nineteen (18%) of 106 underwent surgery. Using all available data, the IXTQ proxy score, IXTQ parent function score, IXTQ parent psychosocial score, distance control score, near control score, near PACT, and Randot Preschool stereoacuity (Stereoptical Co, Inc, Chicago, IL) were associated with undergoing surgery (P<0.1). Sixty-nine of 106 patients had complete data on all factors identified in univariate analysis and were included in multivariate analyses. Fourteen (20%) of these 69 patients underwent surgery. In multivariate analyses, poor distance control score (RR, 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25-2.68) and reduced IXTQ parent function score (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92-0.99) were associated with surgical intervention. Repeat multivariate analyses retaining only 1 of the highly correlated items showed IXTQ proxy, IXTQ parent psychosocial, larger near PACT, and worse near control were also associated with surgery.
conclusionsAfter accounting for poorer exodeviation control at distance, reduced parent and proxy HRQOL were associated with undergoing strabismus surgery for childhood intermittent exotropia. Recognizing reduced parental HRQOL may be important, with a possible role for educational or counselling interventions.
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