ArticleBioPsychoSocial medicine2013
A clinical study of the efficacy of a single session of individual exercise for depressive patients, assessed by the change in saliva free cortisol level.
Article in BioPsychoSocial medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Randomized Crossover Trial on Acute Stress-Related Physiological Responses to Mountain Hiking.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Trial
- Changes in Reaction Time, Balance and Neuroplasticity after Exercise with a Face Mask in Male Adults with Mild COVID-19 Symptoms.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Effects of Physical Exercise on Saliva Composition: A Comprehensive Review.Dentistry journal · 2022Review
- Aerobic Exercise and Stretching as Add-On to Inpatient Treatment for Depression Have No Differential Effects on Stress-Axis Activity, Serum-BDNF, TNF-Alpha and Objective Sleep Measures.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Cortisol Stress Reactivity in Response to the Trier Social Stress Test in Inpatients with Major Depressive Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Health-related quality of life and related factors among elderly persons under different aged care models in Guangzhou, China: a cross-sectional study.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2019Article
- Impact of aerobic exercise on muscle mass in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2018Article
- Psychological effects of exercise on community-dwelling older adults.Clinical interventions in aging · 2018Article
- Korean-Americans' Knowledge about Depression and Attitudes about Treatment Options.Issues in mental health nursing · 2015Article
- Cortisol Reactivity to a physical stressor in Patients with Depression and Alzheimer's disease.Dementia & neuropsychologiaArticle
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe efficacy of physical exercise as an augmentation to pharmacotherapy with antidepressants for depressive patients has been documented. However, to clarify the effectiveness of exercise in the treatment of depression, it is necessary to distinguish the effect of the exercise itself from the effect of group dynamics. Furthermore, an objective measurement for estimation of the effect is needed. Previous reports adopted a series of group exercises as the exercise intervention and mainly psychometric instruments for the measurement of effectiveness. Therefore, this clinical study was done to examine the effectiveness of a single session of individual exercise on depressive symptoms by assessing the change in saliva free cortisol level, which reflects hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis function that is disturbed in depressive patients.
methodEighteen medicated patients, who met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for major depressive disorder, were examined for the change in saliva free cortisol levels and the change in subjective depressive symptoms before and after pedaling a bicycle ergometer for fifteen minutes. Within a month after the exercise session, participants conducted a non-exercise control session, which was sitting quietly at the same time of day as the exercise session.
resultsDepressed patients who participated in this study were in remission or in mild depressive state. However, they suffered chronic depression and had disturbed quality of life. The saliva free cortisol level and subjective depressive symptoms significantly decreased after the exercise session. Moreover, the changes in these variables were significantly, positively correlated. On the other hand, although the subjective depressive symptoms improved in the control session, the saliva free cortisol level did not change.
conclusionFor the first time in depressive patients, we were able to show a decrease in the saliva free cortisol level due to physical exercise, accompanied by the improvement of subjective depressive symptoms. This identified a possible influence of exercise on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in depression.These results suggest the utility of assessing the effect of physical exercise by saliva free cortisol level in depressive patients who suffer from bio-psycho-social disability.
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