ReviewAnnual review of immunology2014
TGF-β activation and function in immunity.
Review in Annual review of immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 534 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
534 citing papers in PubMed, 805 citations in OpenAlex.
- A meta-interaction basis for cell-cell communication in tissues.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- PI3K/AKT signaling pathway: molecular crossroads in tumorigenesis and therapeutic innovation.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Identification of Key Indicators in the Adverse Outcome Pathway for Genetic Damage Induced by Chromate Exposure: A Machine Learning-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Integrated Bioinformatics and Experimental Validation of Post-Translational Modification-Related Biomarkers in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026Article
- Targeting the αvβ5 Integrin Modifies the TGFβ-Rich Tumor Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Cytokine multimerization: when more is more and sometimes less.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Inference of secreted protein signaling activities in intercellular communication.Nature methods · 2026Article
- CPNE1 promotes stemness and confers resistance to GPC3 CAR-T cell therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma via the STAT3-TGF-β signaling pathway.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Platelets as localized conduits of TGF-β1 in the tumor microenvironment: implications for cancer progression and therapy.Human cell · 2026Review
- An immunogenomic classification of solid tumours reveals subtype-specific therapeutic vulnerabilities for immunotherapy.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Viral load-driven systemic immune exhaustion is an enabler of antibody breadth in HIV infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Evaluation and Comparison of Treatment with Polymerised Collagen or Pirfenidone as Stand-Alone Therapy on the Production of Profibrotic Factors in Tracheal Stenosis and Tracheal Anastomosis Scarring After Resection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- ArchVelo: archetypal velocity modeling for single-cell multi-omic trajectories.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A Scoping Review of Emerging Treatments in the Pipeline for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Future Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Temporal Dissection of TGF-β signaling reveals differential impact during female reproductive mucosal CD8 resident memory T cell differentiation.Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- Deciphering the Shared Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Osthole on the Inflammation-Cancer Axis: An Integrative Network Pharmacology and Molecular Dynamics Study.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Stage-Related Changes in TGF-β Isoforms in PBMC Culture Supernatants in Endometriosis: A Prospective Case-Control Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Bidirectional Interactions Between Immune Regulation and the Insulin-like Growth Factor Axis in Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Dissecting PGENature communications · 2026Article
- Postoperative Risk and Climate Exposure: A Retrospective Study of Incisional Glaucoma Surgery Outcomes.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
474 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The cytokine TGF-β plays an integral role in regulating immune responses. TGF-β has pleiotropic effects on adaptive immunity, especially in the regulation of effector and regulatory CD4(+) T cell responses. Many immune and nonimmune cells can produce TGF-β, but it is always produced as an inactive complex that must be activated to exert functional effects. Thus, activation of latent TGF-β provides a crucial layer of regulation that controls TGF-β function. In this review, we highlight some of the important functional roles for TGF-β in immunity, focusing on its context-specific roles in either dampening or promoting T cell responses. We also describe how activation of TGF-β controls its function in the immune system, with a focus on the key roles for members of the integrin family in this process.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.