ArticlePloS one2013
Gender and age interact to affect early outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidelines for Neuroprognostication in Critically Ill Adults with Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Neurocritical care · 2024Guideline
- Translational Intracerebral Hemorrhage Research: Has Current Neuroprotection Research ARRIVEd at a Standard for Experimental Design and Reporting?Translational stroke research · 2020Pooled it
- Sex Differences in Perihematomal Edema Volume and Outcome After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Neurocritical care · 2024Trial
- Cytokine markers in intracerebral hemorrhage are linked to ventricular imaging and outcomes.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2026Article
- Perihematomal changes in glucose metabolism and cell counts in the rat collagenase model for intracerebral hemorrhage.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- T cell receptor activation contributes to brain damage after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- A 6-month prognostic nomogram incorporating hemoglobin level for intracerebral hemorrhage in younger adults.BMC neurology · 2023Article
- Association of sex and age with in-hospital mortality and complications of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage: A study from the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance.Brain and behavior · 2023Article
- Machine learning-based prediction of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after intravenous thrombolysis for stroke: a large multicenter study.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Predictive value of admission red cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio for 30-day death in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: an analysis of the MIMIC database.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Gene expression changes implicate specific peripheral immune responses to Deep and Lobar Intracerebral Hemorrhages in humans.Brain hemorrhages · 2022Article
- CCL5 Levels Predict Stroke Volume Growth in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Significantly Diminish in Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Telerehabilitation for lower extremity recovery poststroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Hyperacute prediction of functional outcome in spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: systematic review and meta-analysis.European stroke journal · 2022Review
- Intracerebral Hemorrhage: The Effects of Aging on Brain Injury.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
- Sex-related differences in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage outcomes: A prognostic study based on 111,112 medical records.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Molecular Correlates of Hemorrhage and Edema Volumes Following Human Intracerebral Hemorrhage Implicate Inflammation, Autophagy, mRNA Splicing, and T Cell Receptor Signaling.Translational stroke research · 2021Article
- SUMO1 Deficiency Exacerbates Neurological and Cardiac Dysfunction after Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Aged Mice.Translational stroke research · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common and devastating form of cerebrovascular disease. In ICH, gender differences in outcomes remain relatively understudied but have been examined in other neurological emergencies. Further, a potential effect of age and gender on outcomes after ICH has not been explored. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that age and gender interact to modify neurological outcomes after ICH.
methodsAdult patients admitted with spontaneous primary supratentorial ICH from July 2007 through April 2010 were assessed via retrospective analysis of an existing stroke database at Duke University. Univariate analysis of collected variables was used to compare gender and outcome. Unfavorable outcome was defined as discharge to hospice or death. Using multivariate regression, the combined effect of age and gender on outcome after ICH was analyzed.
resultsIn this study population, women were younger (61.1+14.5 versus 65.8+17.3 years, p=0.03) and more likely to have a history of substance abuse (35% versus 8.9%, p<0.0001) compared to men. Multivariable models demonstrated that advancing age had a greater effect on predicting discharge outcome in women compared to men (p=0.02). For younger patients, female sex was protective; however, at ages greater than 60 years, female sex was a risk factor for discharge to hospice or death.
conclusionWhile independently associated with discharge to hospice or death after ICH, the interaction effect between gender and age demonstrated significantly stronger correlation with early outcome after ICH in a single center cohort. Prospective study is required to verify these findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.