ArticleInternational urogynecology journal2014
3D pelvic floor ultrasound findings and severity of anal incontinence.
Article in International urogynecology journal, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Japan Society of Coloproctology Practice Guidelines for Fecal Incontinence 2024 (Revised Second Edition).Journal of the anus, rectum and colon · 2026Review
- Levator Ani Deficiency and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction 1 Year Postpartum: A Prospective Nested Case-Control Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Article
- One-year follow-up after standardized perineal reconstruction in women with deficient perineum after vaginal delivery.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2023Article
- Combined 3D Endoanal Ultrasound and Transperineal Ultrasound Improves the Detection of Anal Sphincter Defects.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Computer Application of Ultrasound and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Images for the Anatomical Learning of the Pelvis and the Female Pelvic Floor.Journal of medical systems · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisThe aim of our study was to determine the association between the severity of anal incontinence and levator ani deficiency, anal sphincter defects, anorectal angle, and colonic motility abnormalities.
methodsThis was a retrospective study. Subjects were categorized into three groups: normal, minor anal incontinence, and major anal incontinence according to their answers to the PFDI-20 questionnaire. 3D endovaginal ultrasound was utilized to assess levator ani muscle and the anorectal angle. Levator ani muscle subdivisions were scored based on avulsion from the pubic bone and muscle thickness, based on our previous work. 3D endoanal ultrasound was utilized to assess anal sphincters. Colonic motility abnormalities were defined as diarrhea, constipation or both.
resultsNinety-seven patients were included in the analysis: 45 with major anal incontinence, 29 with minor anal incontinence, and 23 continent women. On multivariate logistic regression, sphincter defect, anorectal angle, and colonic motility abnormalities were associated with anal incontinence severity. Women with an external anal sphincter defect had a 20.36-fold chance of having severe anal incontinence compared with patients with no defect (OR 20.36, 95% CI 5.4, 76.6); those with both defective sphincters had a 102.5-fold chance of having severe anal incontinence (OR 102.5, 95% CI 10.2, >999). Anorectal angle ≥170° was significantly associated with the severity of anal incontinence (OR = 4.07, 95% CI 1.53, 10.79), as was the presence of colonic mobility abnormality (OR 5.31, 95% CI 1.86, 15.19).
conclusions3D pelvic floor ultrasound can be an efficient tool for anal incontinence evaluation in women. Anal sphincter defects, colonic motility abnormalities, and anorectal angle were associated with the severity of anal incontinence. While there was a trend toward worsening levator ani deficiency among those with major anal incontinence, this did not reach statistical significance.
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