ReviewNeurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics2014
Treatment of Parkinson's disease: what's in the non-dopaminergic pipeline?
Review in Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Effects of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Blockade in Mice Lacking the Norepinephrine Transporter (NET-KO Mice).International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Rehabilitation Outcomes in Elderly Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Retrospective Study.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Revisiting Parkinson's disease definition and classification: insights from two emerging biological frameworks.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
- Optimizing Gait Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease: The Effects of Musical Groove and Familiarity.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Inhibition of PDE10A in a New Rat Model of Severe Dopamine Depletion Suggests New Approach to Non-Dopamine Parkinson's Disease Therapy.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Istradefylline for OFF Episodes in Parkinson's Disease: A US Perspective of Common Clinical Scenarios.Degenerative neurological and neuromuscular disease · 2022Review
- Comparison of Three Extraction Approaches for the Isolation of Neurotransmitters from Rat Brain Samples.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Caffeine and Selective Adenosine Receptor Antagonists as New Therapeutic Tools for the Motivational Symptoms of Depression.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2018Review
- Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Receptor Structure, Signaling, Ligands, Functions, and Interactions with Opioid Systems.Pharmacological reviews · 2016Review
- Transplantation of Human Neural Stem Cells in a Parkinsonian Model Exerts Neuroprotection via Regulation of the Host Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2015Article
- Cholinergic interneurons in the dorsal and ventral striatum: anatomical and functional considerations in normal and diseased conditions.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2015Review
- Review
- Editorial: Neurotherapeutics of movement disorders.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2014Article
- Parkinson's Disease and the Gut: Symptoms, Nutrition, and Microbiota.Journal of Parkinson's diseaseReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Dopamine depletion resulting from degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons is the primary neurochemical basis of the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). While dopaminergic replacement strategies are effective in ameliorating these symptoms early in the disease process, more advanced stages of PD are associated with the development of treatment-related motor complications and dopamine-resistant symptoms. Other neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems are expressed in the basal ganglia and contribute to the extrapyramidal refinement of motor function. Furthermore, neuropathological studies suggest that they are also affected by the neurodegenerative process. These non-dopaminergic systems provide potential targets for treatment of motor fluctuations, levodopa-induced dyskinesias, and difficulty with gait and balance. This review summarizes recent advances in the clinical development of novel pharmacological approaches for treatment of PD motor symptoms. Although the non-dopaminergic pipeline has been slow to yield new drugs, further development will likely result in improved treatments for PD symptoms that are induced by or resistant to dopamine replacement.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.