Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24307482›Full record

ArticleGenome biology and evolution2013

Genome sequencing of Giardia lamblia genotypes A2 and B isolates (DH and GS) and comparative analysis with the genomes of genotypes A1 and E (WB and Pig).

Rodney D Adam, Eric W Dahlstrom, Craig A Martens, Daniel P Bruno, Kent D Barbian, Stacy M Ricklefs, Matthew M Hernandez, Nirmala P Narla, Rima B Patel, Stephen F Porcella and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome biology and evolution, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed, 122 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Genotyping and distribution ofParasitology · 2026
    Article
  3. Synthesis ofVeterinary sciences · 2025
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. First Characterization and Zoonotic Potential Evaluation ofTransboundary and emerging diseases · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Insights into Peptidyl-ProlylPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Genomic comparisons confirmFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022
    Article
  17. A hybrid sequencing and assembly strategy for generating culture freeCurrent research in microbial sciences · 2022
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Rodney D AdamDepartments of Medicine and Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine.
Eric W Dahlstrom
Craig A Martens
Daniel P Bruno
Kent D Barbian
Stacy M Ricklefs
Matthew M Hernandez
Nirmala P Narla
Rima B Patel
Stephen F Porcella
Theodore E Nash
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases · USNational Institutes of Health · USUniversity of Arizona · US

Funding

Infectious Diseases Research Technologies Core - RMLZICAI001052 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI CHERRY, JAMES · 2009 to 2025
$133.3M
Studies of Gastrointestinal Parasitic DiseasesZIAAI000161 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI NASH, THEODORE · 2009 to 2016
$1.8M
Intramural NIH HHS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Giardia lamblia (syn G. intestinalis, G. duodenalis) is the most common pathogenic intestinal parasite of humans worldwide and is a frequent cause of endemic and epidemic diarrhea. G. lamblia is divided into eight genotypes (A-H) which infect a wide range of mammals and humans, but human infections are caused by Genotypes A and B. To unambiguously determine the relationship among genotypes, we sequenced GS and DH (Genotypes B and A2) to high depth coverage and compared the assemblies with the nearly completed WB genome and draft sequencing surveys of Genotypes E (P15; pig isolate) and B (GS; human isolate). Our results identified DH as the smallest Giardia genome sequenced to date, while GS is the largest. Our open reading frame analyses and phylogenetic analyses showed that GS was more distant from the other three genomes than any of the other three were from each other. Whole-genome comparisons of DH_A2 and GS_B with the optically mapped WB_A1 demonstrated substantial synteny across all five chromosomes but also included a number of rearrangements, inversions, and chromosomal translocations that were more common toward the chromosome ends. However, the WB_A1/GS_B alignment demonstrated only about 70% sequence identity across the syntenic regions. Our findings add to information presented in previous reports suggesting that GS is a different species of Giardia as supported by the degree of genomic diversity, coding capacity, heterozygosity, phylogenetic distance, and known biological differences from WB_A1 and other G. lamblia genotypes.

Indexed as

Genome, ProtozoanBase SequenceDatabases, Nucleic AcidDNA, ProtozoanEvolution, MolecularGene LibraryGenotypeGiardia lambliaGiardiasisMolecular Sequence DataPhylogenySequence AlignmentSequence Analysis, DNADNA, Protozoandiplomonadgenotypeheterozygosityparasitologysynteny

Identifiers

PMID24307482
PMCPMC3879983
OpenAlexW2159795561

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.