ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2013
β-Hydroxybutyrate modulates N-type calcium channels in rat sympathetic neurons by acting as an agonist for the G-protein-coupled receptor FFA3.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acute effects of β-hydroxybutyrate on left ventricular function in young, healthy adults.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2023Trial
- Infusion of donor feces affects the gut-brain axis in humans with metabolic syndrome.Molecular metabolism · 2020Trial
- A ketone monoester drink reduces the glycemic response to an oral glucose challenge in individuals with obesity: a randomized trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Trial
- Effects of medium chain triglycerides supplementation on insulin sensitivity and beta cell function: A feasibility study.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Gut microbiome intervention in gut-brain axis and effects on vascular dementia with prospects on non-pharmacological intervention.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Review
- Mechanistic and functional integration of sirtuin deacylases: from substrate specificity to biological outcomes.Glycoconjugate journal · 2026Review
- β-Hydroxybutyrate attenuates bronchial smooth muscle proinflammatory cytokine production and contraction.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026Article
- Ketogenic Diet Promotes Reward Learning by Upregulating Hippocampal CAMK2A Expression and Activating Dopamine Synaptic Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Expression of free fatty acid receptors in the liver of periparturient dairy cows supplemented with essential fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid.JDS communications · 2026Article
- Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor 2 Mediates β-hydroxybutyrate's Antiseizure Effect in Mice.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Brain-derived ketone bodies can replace glucose to power neural function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (GPR109A) and retinopathies: pathways and prospects.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- The multifaceted roles of ketones in physiology.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- The potential of microbiome modulators to improve quality of life in cancer survivors through gut microbiome-immune interactions.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Clinical Insights Into the Mechanistic Crossroads of Lamotrigine and Therapeutic Ketosis in Bipolar Depression.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Review
- β‑hydroxybutyric acid as a potential therapeutic metabolite for type 2 diabetes mellitus (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- β-hydroxybutyrate, a ketone body, suppresses tumor growth, stemness, and invasive phenotypes in non-small cell lung cancer.Cancer biology & therapy · 2025Article
- Beyond the gut: decoding the gut-immune-brain axis in health and disease.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- Neurophysiological Basis of Short-Chain Fatty Acid Action in Pain Modulation: Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A Short-Chain Fatty Acid, Butyrate, Suppresses the Hyperexcitability of Rat Nociceptive Primary Neurons Involved in Inflammatory Hyperalgesia.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Free fatty acids receptor 3 (FFA3, GPR41) and 2 (FFA2, GPR43), for which the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate and propionate are agonist, have emerged as important G-protein-coupled receptors influenced by diet and gut flora composition. A recent study (Kimura et al., 2011) demonstrated functional expression of FFA3 in the rodent sympathetic nervous system (SNS) providing a potential link between nutritional status and autonomic function. However, little is known of the source of endogenous ligands, signaling pathways, or effectors in sympathetic neurons. In this study, we found that FFA3 and FFA2 are unevenly expressed in the rat SNS with higher transcript levels in prevertebral (e.g., celiac-superior mesenteric and major pelvic) versus paravertebral (e.g., superior cervical and stellate) ganglia. FFA3, whether heterologously or natively expressed, coupled via PTX-sensitive G-proteins to produce voltage-dependent inhibition of N-type Ca(2+) channels (Cav2.2) in sympathetic neurons. In addition to acetate and propionate, we show that β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), a metabolite produced during ketogenic conditions, is also an FFA3 agonist. This contrasts with previous interpretations of BHB as an antagonist at FFA3. Together, these results indicate that endogenous BHB levels, especially when elevated under certain conditions, such as starvation, diabetic ketoacidosis, and ketogenic diets, play a potentially important role in regulating the activity of the SNS through FFA3.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.