ArticleNature2014
HMGA2 functions as a competing endogenous RNA to promote lung cancer progression.
Article in Nature, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 152 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
152 citing papers in PubMed, 256 citations in OpenAlex.
- The DSG1-AS1/miR-125b-5p/HMGA2 axis is associated with the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps in atopic dermatitis.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Cell states and neighborhoods in distinct clinical stages of primary and metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Dual role of miR-155 and exosomal miR-155 in tumor angiogenesis: implications for cancer progression and therapy.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- lncRNA SNHG4 enhanced gastric cancer progression by modulating miR-409-3p/CREB1 axis.Oncology research · 2025Article
- Dysregulation of TCONS_00006091 contributes to the elevated risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma by upregulating SNAI1, IRS and HMGA2.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Systemic analysis identifying PVT1/DUSP13 axis for microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis, Prognostication and Prediction of Treatment Resistance in Soft Tissue Sarcomas.Cancers · 2023Review
- CEP55 3'-UTR promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and enhances tumorigenicity of bladder cancer cells by acting as a ceRNA regulating miR-497-5p.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2022Article
- Exploring the Conformational and Binding Dynamics of HMGA2·DNA Complexes Using Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2022Article
- LINC00162 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis by sponging PAQR4-targeting miR-485-5p.Journal of cellular physiology · 2022Article
- Flavonoids Inhibit Cancer by Regulating the Competing Endogenous RNA Network.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Article
- Novel perspectives on antisense transcription in HIV-1, HTLV-1, and HTLV-2.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Circular RNA circZFR Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Regulating miR-375/HMGA2 Axis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2021Article
- Long noncoding RNA CRART16 confers 5-FU resistance in colorectal cancer cells by sponging miR-193b-5p.Cancer cell international · 2021Article
- Prognostic significance of high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: malignant functions of cytoplasmic HMGA2 expression.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2021Article
- Long noncoding RNA highly upregulated in liver cancer promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and attenuates the chemosensitivity of oxaliplatin by regulating miR-383-5p/vesicle-associated membrane protein-2 axis.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2021Article
- Long noncoding HOXA11-AS knockdown suppresses the progression of non-small cell lung cancer by regulating miR-3619-5p/SALL4 axis.Journal of molecular histology · 2021Article
- Review
- Competing endogenous RNAs in lung cancer.Cancer biology & medicine · 2021Review
92 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2015-07-10Error in Data · Error in Image · Manipulation of Images · Unreliable Image ·
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Retracted
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent histological cancer subtype worldwide. As the majority of patients present with invasive, metastatic disease, it is vital to understand the basis for lung cancer progression. Hmga2 is highly expressed in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma, in which it contributes to cancer progression and metastasis. Here we show that Hmga2 promotes lung cancer progression in mouse and human cells by operating as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for the let-7 microRNA (miRNA) family. Hmga2 can promote the transformation of lung cancer cells independent of protein-coding function but dependent upon the presence of let-7 sites; this occurs without changes in the levels of let-7 isoforms, suggesting that Hmga2 affects let-7 activity by altering miRNA targeting. These effects are also observed in vivo, where Hmga2 ceRNA activity drives lung cancer growth, invasion and dissemination. Integrated analysis of miRNA target prediction algorithms and metastatic lung cancer gene expression data reveals the TGF-β co-receptor Tgfbr3 (ref. 12) as a putative target of Hmga2 ceRNA function. Tgfbr3 expression is regulated by the Hmga2 ceRNA through differential recruitment to Argonaute 2 (Ago2), and TGF-β signalling driven by Tgfbr3 is important for Hmga2 to promote lung cancer progression. Finally, analysis of NSCLC-patient gene-expression data reveals that HMGA2 and TGFBR3 are coordinately regulated in NSCLC-patient material, a vital corollary to ceRNA function. Taken together, these results suggest that Hmga2 promotes lung carcinogenesis both as a protein-coding gene and as a non-coding RNA; such dual-function regulation of gene-expression networks reflects a novel means by which oncogenes promote disease progression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.