ArticlePloS one2013
Breast milk and gut microbiota in African mothers and infants from an area of high HIV prevalence.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 52 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breastfeeding Affects Concentration of Faecal Short Chain Fatty Acids During the First Year of Life: Results of the Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of effects of exclusive breastfeeding on infant gut microbiota across populations.Nature communications · 2018Pooled it
- Dynamic Changes in Breast Milk Microbiome in the Early Postpartum Period of Kenyan Women Living with HIV Are Influenced by Antibiotics but Not Antiretrovirals.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Trial
- Impact of an Intensive Perinatal Handwashing Promotion Intervention on Maternal Handwashing Behavior in the Neonatal Period: Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Bangladesh.BioMed research international · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Bacterial fecal microbiome composition associated with HIV stage among rural and peri-urban adults living with HIV in Uganda.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The influence of breast milk microbiota from HIV-infected women on infant gut microbiota colonization within the first two weeks of life.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2026Article
- Human milk microbiota: origins, determinants, and roles in maternal-infant microbial transmission and infant microbiome assembly.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota of sub-Saharan Africa infants exposed to antiretroviral therapy: Scoping review.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2025Article
- Human Milk Microbiome from Polish Women Giving Birth via Vaginal Delivery-Pilot Study.Biology · 2025Article
- Bacterial Community of Breast Milk in Breastfeeding Women Using Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Approaches.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Human Milk Microbiome-A Review of Scientific Reports.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Isolation, characterization of Weissella confusa and Lactococcus lactis from different milk sources and determination of probiotic features.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024Article
- An optimized culturomics strategy for isolation of human milk microbiota.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- A Scoping Review Evaluating the Current State of Gut Microbiota Research in Africa.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Characterisation of human milk bacterial DNA profiles in a small cohort of Australian women in relation to infant and maternal factors.PloS one · 2023Article
- Dynamics of the infant gut microbiota in the first 18 months of life: the impact of maternal HIV infection and breastfeeding.Microbiome · 2022Article
- Human milk microbiome is shaped by breastfeeding practices.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Characterization of longitudinal nasopharyngeal microbiome patterns in maternally HIV-exposed Zambian infants.Gates open research · 2022Article
- Diversity and temporal dynamics of breast milk microbiome and its influencing factors in Chinese women during the first 6 months postpartum.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedMaldonado, Antonio [added]; Martín, Virginia [added]; Metzner, Karin J [added]; Fernández, Leónides [added]; Rodríguez, Juan M [added]
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHuman milk and infant gut microbiota are essential for the immune system maturation and protection against infections. There is scarce information on the microbiological composition of breast milk in general, and none from developing countries. The objective of the study was to characterize the breast milk and gut microbiota from mothers and infants from southern Mozambique, where infections and breastfeeding are prevalent.
methodsA community-based study was undertaken among 121 pairs of women and infants. Breast milk and infant's faeces were analyzed by bacterial culture and molecular methods. Breast milk samples were screened for HIV RNA by RT-PCR.
resultsThe most frequent bacterial groups isolated by culture media in breast milk were Staphylococci (96.4%), Streptococci (92.7%) and Lactobacilli (56.4%). HIV RNA was detected in 24% of the samples. Staphylococcus hominis, S. aureus, and S.parasanguis were more frequently isolated in infants ≤14 days of life. Women on exclusive breastfeeding presented higher proportion of S. parasanguis in breast milk than those on mixed infant feeding (36.4% versus 11.1%, p = 0.035). Bacterial diversity (mean number of bacterial species isolated by sample: 10.4 versus 8.5; p = 0.004) and the frequency of Lactobacillus spp (75.9% versus 36%, p = 0.003) were higher in the specimens with HIV RNA than in those without it. The main bacterial groups found in infant's faeces were Bifidobacterium, Streptococci and Enterococci.
conclusionsWomen with HIV RNA in breast milk had a different pattern of microbiological composition, suggesting specific immunopathological phenomena in HIV-infected women. Both breast milk and faecal microbiota composition varied with lactation period, which might be related to changes in the type of feeding over time and/or in the milk's biochemical characteristics. These findings provide insights into interactions between commensal bacteria and HIV infection in human milk and the role of these bacteria in mucosal protection against infections in breastfed infants.
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Registered trials
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