ReviewViruses2013
West Nile virus drug discovery.
Review in Viruses, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Patterns and characteristics of cranial nerve neuropathy in West Nile virus infection: a systematic review of cases reported globally.BMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Lack of Efficacy of High-Titered Immunoglobulin in Patients with West Nile Virus Central Nervous System Disease.Emerging infectious diseases · 2019Trial
- Pharmaceutical Strategies for West Nile Virus in Europe, an Underrecognized Cause of Severe Disease and Mortality in Older Adults: From Supportive Care to Antiviral Development.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Detailed in silico Evaluation of WNV Proteins: Dynamic and Thermodynamic Insights into Doravirine as a Potential Multitarget Agent.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Article
- West Nile virus - a re-emerging global threat: recent advances in vaccines and drug discovery.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Quantum Biochemistry and MM-PBSA Description of the ZIKV NS2B-NS3 Protease: Insights into the Binding Interactions beyond the Catalytic Triad Pocket.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Review
- Dengue virus NS4B protein as a target for developing antivirals.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Structure and Dynamics of Zika Virus Protease and Its Insights into Inhibitor Design.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Sofosbuvir Selects for Drug-Resistant Amino Acid Variants in the Zika Virus RNA-Dependent RNA-Polymerase Complex In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Recovery and Genetic Characterization of a West Nile Virus Isolate from China.Virologica Sinica · 2021Article
- Peptide-Based Antiviral Drugs.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- Old Drugs with New Tricks: Efficacy of Fluoroquinolones to Suppress Replication of Flaviviruses.Viruses · 2020Article
- Mechanisms of Action for Small Molecules Revealed by Structural Biology in Drug Discovery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Insights into Structures and Dynamics of Flavivirus Proteases from NMR Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Proteases from dengue, West Nile and Zika viruses as drug targets.Biophysical reviews · 2019Review
- West Nile virus encephalitis in a young immunocompetent female in Omaha Nebraska.Intractable & rare diseases research · 2019Article
- Identification of a 3-Alkylpyridinium Compound from the Red Sea SpongeMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Strategies Towards Protease Inhibitors for Emerging Flaviviruses.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) in 1999 in the USA, and its continued spread throughout the Americas, parts of Europe, the Middle East and Africa, underscored the need for WNV antiviral development. Here, we review the current status of WNV drug discovery. A number of approaches have been used to search for inhibitors of WNV, including viral infection-based screening, enzyme-based screening, structure-based virtual screening, structure-based rationale design, and antibody-based therapy. These efforts have yielded inhibitors of viral or cellular factors that are critical for viral replication. For small molecule inhibitors, no promising preclinical candidate has been developed; most of the inhibitors could not even be advanced to the stage of hit-to-lead optimization due to their poor drug-like properties. However, several inhibitors developed for related members of the family Flaviviridae, such as dengue virus and hepatitis C virus, exhibited cross-inhibition of WNV, suggesting the possibility to re-purpose these antivirals for WNV treatment. Most promisingly, therapeutic antibodies have shown excellent efficacy in mouse model; one of such antibodies has been advanced into clinical trial. The knowledge accumulated during the past fifteen years has provided better rationale for the ongoing WNV and other flavivirus antiviral development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.