SynthesisInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2014
Systematic review of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus shedding: duration is affected by severity, but not age.
Synthesis in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- A part-randomized study of intravenous oseltamivir in adolescents and adults.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2015Trial
- Pathogen-specific immune responses might underlie divergent outcomes of coronavirus and influenza infection in the natural porcine host.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Healthcare Workers Have More Frequent and Less Severe Influenza-Like Illness Than Non-healthcare Workers: Findings From the PAIVED Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- A 14-year influenza reinfection surveillance in Chongqing, China: A retrospective analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- The added value of serologic testing: A comparison of influenza incidence among pregnant persons based on molecular-based surveillance versus serologic testing.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2024Article
- The role of asymptomatic infections in influenza transmission: what do we really know.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Article
- Influenza in Children and Adolescents: Epidemiology, Management, and Prevention.Pediatrics in review · 2023Article
- Influenza A (H1N1): Now is it a Thing of the Past?Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2023Article
- Comparison of Intra-Familial Transmission of Influenza Virus From Index Patients Treated With Baloxavir Marboxil or Oseltamivir Using an Influenza Transmission Model and a Health Insurance Claims Database.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Influenza.Lancet (London, England) · 2022Review
- Epidemiology of repeat influenza infection in Queensland, Australia, 2005-2017.Epidemiology and infection · 2022Article
- [Antiviral drugs : Potent agents, promising therapies for COVID‑19 and therapeutic limitations].Der Internist · 2022Review
- Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 Viral Shedding in Patients with COVID-19 was Associated with Delayed Initiation of Arbidol Treatment and Consulting Doctor Later: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Current medical science · 2021Observational
- Neuraminidase in Virus-like Particles Contributes to the Protection against High Dose of Avian Influenza Virus Challenge Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The unique features of SARS-CoV-2 transmission: Comparison with SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus.Reviews in medical virology · 2021Review
- COVID-19: Does the infectious inoculum dose-response relationship contribute to understanding heterogeneity in disease severity and transmission dynamics?Medical hypotheses · 2021Article
- Lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon combination therapy may help shorten the duration of viral shedding in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective study in two designated hospitals in Anhui, China.Journal of medical virology · 2020Article
- Viral Kinetics and Resistance Development in Children Treated with Neuraminidase Inhibitors: The Influenza Resistance Information Study (IRIS).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Duration of viral shedding following infection is an important determinant of disease transmission, informing both control policies and disease modelling. We undertook a systematic literature review of the duration of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus shedding to examine the effects of age, severity of illness and receipt of antiviral treatment. Studies were identified by searching the PubMed database using the keywords 'H1N1', 'pandemic', 'pandemics', 'shed' and 'shedding'. Any study of humans with an outcome measure of viral shedding was eligible for inclusion in the review. Comparisons by age, degree of severity and antiviral treatment were made with forest plots. The search returned 214 articles of which 22 were eligible for the review. Significant statistical heterogeneity between studies precluded meta-analysis. The mean duration of viral shedding generally increased with severity of clinical presentation, but we found no evidence of longer shedding duration of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 among children compared with adults. Shorter viral shedding duration was observed when oseltamivir treatment was administered within 48 hours of illness onset. Considerable differences in the design and analysis of viral shedding studies limit their comparison and highlight the need for a standardised approach. These insights have implications not only for pandemic planning, but also for informing responses and study of seasonal influenza now that the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus has become established as the seasonal H1N1 influenza virus.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.